Java Edition 1.21.9/Development versions

This is a list of Java Edition 1.21.9 development versions.

25w31a

25w31a is the first snapshot for Java Edition 1.21.9, released on July 29, 2025.^[1] It adds new features such as copper armor and tools, copper nuggets, copper horse armor, copper chests, copper golems, and shelves.

Additions

Blocks

Copper chest

• A new type of chest that has waxed and oxidized variants.
• Copper chests oxidize over time and can be waxed like other copper blocks.
• Copper chests can be crafted using a chest and copper ingots.

Ingredients	Crafting recipe
Copper Ingot + Chest

Copper golem statue

• A decorative block which has waxed and oxidized variants.
• Copper golem statue oxidizes over time and can be waxed like copper blocks.
• The pose of the block can be changed by interacting with it.
• If the copper golem statue has no oxidation when interacted with using an axe, the block will turn into a copper golem again.
• When connected to a redstone comparator, the copper golem statue block emits a redstone signal based on its current pose.

Lightning rod

• Added exposed, weathered, and oxidized variants and their respective waxed variants.

Shelf

• A decorative block which comes in all wood variants.
• Can be crafted from six matching blocks of any stripped log, stripped stem, or block of stripped bamboo, filling the top and bottom row, producing 6 shelves.

Ingredients	Crafting recipe
Matching Stripped Log or  Block of Stripped Bamboo or  Matching Stripped Stem	666666666666

• The shelf can store up to 3 item stacks:
  • Interacting with any of the 3 slots on its front swaps the player's main hand item with the content of that slot.
  • The shelf displays all items it contains in front of it, similar to an item frame.
• While a shelf is powered by redstone, its front texture changes to reflect that it's powered; when placed next to each other, up to 3 powered shelves will connect.
  • Interacting with a single powered shelf swaps all its contents with the 3 rightmost items in the player's hotbar.
  • Interacting with two connected shelves swaps their contents with the 6 rightmost items in the player's hotbar.
  • Interacting with three connected shelves swaps their contents with all items in the player's hotbar.
  • It does not matter which of the connected shelves the player interacts with.
• They provide a signal value to redstone comparators placed at the back: the strength of the signal is a binary number based on the filling state of the slot, with the left slot being the least significant bit and the right slot being the most significant bit.

Items

Copper armor

• Added copper helmets, copper chestplates, copper leggings, and copper boots.
  • Copper armor has higher durability than leather and gold, but less than iron. Copper armor enchantability sits slightly lower than with iron.

Ingredients	Crafting recipe
Copper Ingot

Copper horse armor

• A new variant of horse armor.
• Has the same loot table and chance of generating as iron horse armor.
• Has an armor value of 4 ().
• Cannot be crafted.

Copper nugget

• Added copper nuggets.
  • Copper equipment turns into copper nuggets when smelted.
• Copper nuggets can be crafted by using a copper ingot.

Ingredients	Crafting recipe
Copper Ingot	9

Copper tools

• Added copper axes, copper hoes, copper pickaxes, copper shovels, and copper swords.
  • Mine faster and are more durable than stone tools, but not iron tools.
  • More enchantable than diamond tools, but slightly less than iron tools.
  • Possess identical damage and attack speed to stone tools.
  • Cannot mine any more blocks than stone tools can.

Ingredients	Crafting recipe
Copper Ingot + Stick

Copper golem spawn egg

• Added copper golem spawn egg.

Mobs

Copper golem

• A new mob which can be spawned by placing a jack o'lantern or carved pumpkin on top of a copper block.
• Has 12HP × 6 health points.
• Drops 1 to 3 copper ingots when killed.
• They are immune to fall damage, and do not drown underwater.
• Copper golems oxidize over time and can be waxed like copper blocks.
• Copper golems take on the oxidization state of the copper block used to make them.
• If the copper golem has fully oxidized and is not waxed, it will turn into a copper golem statue block.
  • When turned into a copper golem statue, the copper golem will drop any item it may be holding.
  • A copper golem turned into a copper golem statue will keep its name if named with a name tag.
• Copper golems can help with sorting items into chests.
• If it is not holding an item, it will look for a nearby copper chest and pick up items from that chest.
  • The copper golem will look in any oxidized and waxed copper chest variant to pick up items.
  • It can pick up at most 16 items in a stack at a time.
  • Any item in a copper chest can be picked up.
• Interacting with the copper golem with an empty hand will make it drop its carried item.
• If it is holding an item, it will look for nearby wooden chests to try to place the item into.
  • The copper golem will look in chests and trapped chests to try to place items.
  • It can only place an item in a chest if the chest is empty or contains the same type, name and enchantments of item the golem is holding in its hand.
• It will visit a max of 10 copper chests when looking for items to pick up, and a max of 10 chests when looking for somewhere to put the items.
• If no matching chest is found, the copper golem will idle for 7 seconds before trying again.
• The search area for chests from the copper golem's position is horizontally 32 blocks and vertically 8 blocks.

General

Options

• Added "Invert Mouse X" option to the Mouse Settings screen, which inverts the mouse x-axis.
• Added "Sprint Window" option to the Controls screen, which represents the time window in ticks where double-tapping the forward key activates sprint.

Tags

• Block Tags
  • Added #copper
    • Contains all copper blocks.
  • Added #copper_chests
    • Contains all copper chest blocks.
  • Added #copper_golem_statues
    • Contains all copper golem statue blocks.
  • Added #incorrect_for_copper_tool
    • Contains all blocks which will not drop items with a copper tool.
  • Added #lightning_rods
    • Contains all lightning rods.
  • Added #wooden_shelves
    • Contains all shelves.
• Item Tags
  • Added #copper
    • Contains all copper block items.
  • Added #copper_chests
    • Contains all copper chest block items.
  • Added #copper_golem_statues
    • Contains all copper golem statue items.
  • Added #copper_tool_materials
    • Contains all copper tool materials.
  • Added #lightning_rods
    • Contains all lightning rods.
  • Added #repairs_copper_armor
    • Contains all items which repair copper armor.
  • Added #wooden_shelves
    • Contains all shelves.

Changes

Blocks

Heads

• Mob heads now preserve any custom name when they are placed and then mined again.

Lightning rod

• Now oxidize like other copper blocks and the lightning rod on the copper golem.
• Can now be waxed.

Items

Dyes

• Dye colors now have updated icons.
  • The goal with these is to enhance visual cohesion across the dye set while maintaining distinct shapes to support colorblind accessibility.

Spawn eggs

• Monster spawn eggs now have a tooltip warning when the difficulty is set to Peaceful.
  • The mob no longer spawns for one tick when an attempt is made to use the spawn egg.

Mobs

Happy ghast

• Is now audible from 64 blocks.
• Riding sound volume is slightly increased.

Command format

/summon

• Now fails when trying to summon monsters while the difficulty is set to Peaceful.

Gameplay

Sounds

• Sounds for chests now play at a lower volume.
• The volume at which a sound is played at now respects the sound source volume value.
• The "Voice/Speech" sound source has been renamed to "Narrator/Voice".
• Added new sound events: block.copper_chest.open, block.copper_chest.close, block.copper_chest_weathered.open, block.copper_chest_weathered.close, block.copper_chest_oxidized.open, block.copper_chest_oxidized.close, entity.copper_golem.step, entity.copper_golem.hurt, entity.copper_golem.death, entity.copper_golem.spin, entity.copper_golem_weathered.step, entity.copper_golem_weathered.hurt, entity.copper_golem_weathered.death, entity.copper_golem_weathered.spin, entity.copper_golem_oxidized.step, entity.copper_golem_oxidized.hurt, entity.copper_golem_oxidized.death, entity.copper_golem_oxidized.spin, item.armor.equip_copper, entity.copper_golem.spawn, entity.copper_golem.no_item_get, entity.copper_golem.no_item_not_get, entity.copper_golem.item_drop, entity.copper_golem.item_no_drop, entity.copper_golem_become_statue, block.copper_golem_statue.break, block.copper_golem_statue.place, block.copper_golem_statue.hit, block.copper_golem_statue.fall, block.copper_golem_statue.step, block.shelf.activate, block.shelf.deactivate, block.shelf.multi_swap, block.shelf.place_item, block.shelf.single_swap

General

Chunks

• The concept of fixed "spawn chunks" has been removed.
• A dimension that has any player activity, forceloaded chunks, active portals, or ender pearls in flight will be considered "active" and will keep processing chunks and entities.
  • Previously, this would only apply if a player was in the dimension or a chunk was forceloaded.
• The game will ensure that the following chunks are fully loaded before the player joins or the server starts, in the same way as spawn chunks formerly were:
  • Chunks loaded by the /forceload command.
  • Chunks active due to portal activity.
  • Thrown ender pearls (Singleplayer only).
  • The small area of chunks around the player (Singleplayer only).
  • Chunks required to assign the global world spawn (World creation only).

Data component format

• blocks_attacks item component.
  • If the damage reduced in an attack is 0, for example by angle threshold not matching, the item can no longer get disabled in the attack, nor cause knockback due to blocking.

Data pack

• The pack format version is now 82.0.

Debug screen

• Was reworked to be less cluttered and more configurable.
• It can now be accessed from everywhere in the game, not only when in a game world.
  • It now displays less information by default.
• Added a new Debug Options screen which can be opened by pressing F3 + F5.
  • It can be used to configure which debug information should be displayed.
  • For each item the player can choose if it should be turned off, visible when the debug screen (F3) is open, or it should always be visible, even when the debug screen is closed.
  • Some debug features that were previously available, like chunk border rendering or entity hitbox rendering, can now be toggled through this debug options screen.
  • Some debug features that were not previously available to the community, like Octree visualization, are now accessible through the debug options screen.
  • The state of the debug options screen is saved between the launches of the game.
  • The debug options screen has the following preset profiles:
    • Default resets everything to the default state.
    • Performance shows simple performance metrics, including the FPS meter always visible on screen.

Density function

• Added minecraft:find_top_surface
  • Approximates the topmost surface of a given density function.
  • It scans from an upper bound to a lower bound to find the point at which the density changes from negative to positive.
    • The upper bound should be as close to the actual surface for best performance.
    • The upper bound should never be lower than the actual surface.
  • Fields:
    • density - density function to approximate the surface of.
    • upper_bound - 2D density function providing the highest possible y-value.
    • lower_bound - integer, lowest possible y-value.
    • cell_height - positive integer defining the grid resolution on which to scan.
• Added minecraft:invert
  • Resolves to 1/argument
  • Fields:
    • argument - density function.

Game rule

• The game rule spawnChunkRadius was removed.

Jigsaw structures

• The max_distance_from_center field may now specify a different restriction on the vertical axis from horizontal.
  • This can be specified by an object with fields:
    • horizontal - required integer between 1 and 128.
    • vertical - optional integer between 1 and 4096 (default: 4096).
      • e.g: "max_distance_from_center": { "horizontal": 20, "vertical": 500 }.
  • The previous format of a single inline value specifying both horizontal and vertical distance is still supported.

Loading world screen

• The world loading screen now shows the chunks that the player is about to be placed into, rather than chunks loaded around world spawn.
• The loading screen additionally now includes a progress bar.
  • This progress bar accounts for all kinds of chunk loading as mentioned above.
  • It was in versions before 1.3.1 with a slightly different texture.

Loot tables

• Added minecraft:entity_interact loot table type which takes the following parameters:
  • target_entity, the entity being interacted with.
  • interacting_entity, the optional entity that is interacting with the target_entity.
  • tool, the tool used to interact with target_entity.
• Added minecraft:block_interact loot table type which takes the following parameters:
  • block_state, the block state of the block entity being interacted with.
  • block_entity, the optional block entity being interacted with.
  • interacting_entity, the optional entity that is interacting with the block_state.
  • tool, the optional tool used to interact with block_state.
• Fields that specify a target entity in a loot table, such as entity_properties.entity, can additionally target the target_entity and interacting_entity parameter types.
• Added charged_creeper/root loot table for drops when an entity is killed by a charged creeper.
  • This loot table dispatches on the mob that was killed, to the following loot tables:
    • charged_creeper/piglin
    • charged_creeper/creeper
    • charged_creeper/skeleton
    • charged_creeper/wither_skeleton
    • charged_creeper/zombie
  • Once any mob killed drops an item from this loot table, other mobs killed by the same creeper will not drop from this loot table.
• Added brush/armadillo loot table for drops when an armadillo is brushed.
• Added gameplay/turtle_grow loot table for drops when a turtle grows into an adult.
• Added harvest/beehive loot table for drops when a beehive or bee nest is harvested using shears.
• Added harvest/cave_vine loot table for drops when a cave vine with glowberries is harvested by interacting with it.
• Added carve/pumpkin loot table for drops when a pumpkin is carved using shears.

Options

• A button leading to the Controls screen has been added to the Accessibility Settings screen.
  • The "Auto-Jump" option, as well as the "Sneak" and "Sprint" toggles have been removed from the Accessibility Settings screen.
• The "Show Subtitles" option has been renamed to "Closed Captions".
• The "Attack/Destroy" and "Use Item/Place Block" keybinds are now toggleable, meaning they can be set to either "Hold" or "Toggle" in the Controls screen.

Pack format

• The pack versions for data packs and resource packs now have minor versions.
  • A minor version increment of the game's pack version is backwards-compatible, meaning all packs made for previous iterations of the same major version will keep working.
• Packs can set compatibility requirements on minor versions in case they rely on resources introduced in a minor version.

Pack.mcmeta

• The pack.mcmeta format has been updated:
  • The supported_formats field has been removed.
    • If the pack declares support for a pack version with the previous format (data pack < 82, resource pack < 65), it is still required.
    • Otherwise, it is not allowed and must be removed.
  • The pack_format field is now optional.
    • If the pack declares support for a pack version with the previous format (data pack < 82, resource pack < 65), it is still required.
  • Added required field min_format - specifies the minimum version supported.
    • A full version is specified as a list of two integers, e.g [74, 1]
    • Specifying a single integer is interpreted as that major version, e.g. 74 is the same thing as [74, 0].
    • Specifying a list of a single integer is interpreted the same as specifying that integer alone.
  • Added required field max_format - specified the maximum version supported.
    • A full version is specified as a list of two integers, e.g [74, 1]
    • Specifying a single integer is interpreted as any minor version, i.e. the minor version is 0x7fffffff.
    • Specifying a list of a single integer is interpreted the same as specifying that integer alone.
  • For overlay entries:
    • The formats field has been removed.
      • If the pack includes any overlay range that includes a pack version with the previous format (data pack < 82, resource pack < 65), it is still required for all overlay definitions.
      • Otherwise, it is not allowed and must be removed.
    • Added required field min_format and max_format with the same formats the fields above with the same name for the pack section.

Rendering

• Entity rendering order was improved for significantly better performance.
  • Areas with lots of mobs, like mob farms, will have a smoother gameplay.
  • FPS will not improve much if most of the lag comes from things other than entities, like playing with high render distance while not being near many mobs.

Resource pack

• The version is now 65.0.
• Added new block sprites: copper, copper_left, copper_right, exposed_copper, exposed_copper_left, exposed_copper_right, weathered_copper, weathered_copper_left, weathered_copper_right, oxidized_copper, oxidized_copper_left, oxidized_copper_right, acacia_shelf, bamboo_shelf, birch_shelf, cherry_shelf, crimson_shelf, dark_oak_shelf, jungle_shelf, mangrove_shelf, oak_shelf, pale_oak_shelf, spruce_shelf, warped_shelf
• Added new entity sprites: copper_golem, exposed_copper_golem, weathered_copper_golem, oxidized_copper_golem, copper_golem_eyes, exposed_copper_golem_eyes, weathered_copper_golem_eyes, oxidized_copper_golem_eyes
• Added new item sprites: copper_axe, copper_boots, copper_chestplate, copper_golem_spawn_egg, copper_helmet, copper_hoe, copper_leggings, copper_nugget, copper_pickaxe, copper_shovel, copper_sword

Shaders & Post-process effects

• Full Screen Passes
  • The following vertex shaders have been removed, and replaced by core/screenquad.vsh:
    • core/blit_screen.vsh
    • post/blit.vsh
    • post/blur.vsh
    • post/invert.vsh
    • post/sobel.vsh
    • post/screenquad.vsh
  • Vertex shaders for post-processing effects, as well as lightmap generation and full screen blits are no longer are passed the Position attribute, and instead must assign vertex coordinates by gl_VertexID.
  • These passes furthermore are only executed with 3 vertices, instead of a full quad

Tags

• Biome Tags
  • Added cherry_grove to #stronghold_biased_to tag.
• Block Tags
  • Added #copper_chests to #guarded_by_piglins tag.
  • Added #copper_chests, and #lightning_rods to #needs_stone_tool tag, and removed lightning_rod.
  • Added #wooden_shelves to #mineable/axe tag.
  • Added #copper_chests, #copper_golem_statues, and #lightning_rods to #mineable/pickaxe tag, and removed lightning_rod.
• Entity Tags
  • Added copper_golem to #can_breathe_under_water, and #fall_damage_immune tags.
• Item Tags
  • Added copper_axe to #axes tag.
  • Added copper_chestplate to #chest_armor tag.
  • Added copper_boots to #foot_armor tag.
  • Added copper_helmet to #head_armor tag.
  • Added copper_hoe to #hoes tag.
  • Added copper_leggings to #leg_armor tag.
  • Added crimson_shelf, and warped_shelf to #non_flammable_wood tag.
  • Added copper_pickaxe to #pickaxes tag.
  • Added copper_shovel to #shovels tag.
  • Added copper_sword to #swords tag.

Texture atlases

• The following texture atlases no longer have unused mipmapped versions generated:
  • armor_trims.png-atlas
  • banner_patterns.png-atlas
  • beds.png-atlas
  • chest.png-atlas
  • decorated_pot.png-atlas
  • shield_patterns.png-atlas
  • shulker_boxes.png-atlas
  • signs.png-atlas

World Generation

• The initial_density_without_jaggedness field in noise_settings definitions has been replaced with a preliminary_surface_level field.
  • initial_density_without_jaggedness was a 3D density function that was used to determine an approximate surface level by scanning for the first point with a density greater than 0.390625.
  • preliminary_surface_level is a 2D density function that should produce the y-level of the approximate surface.
  • The minecraft:find_top_surface density function can be used to replicate the previous scanning.

Fixes

53 issues fixed

From released versions before 1.21

• MC-46634 – Thunder volume is not affected by weather volume settings.
• MC-73881 – Summoning monsters in peaceful difficulty spawns monster for 1 tick.
• MC-89142 – Changing jump key to "Enter" let player jump after completing chat line.
• MC-94610 – Missing loot table entries for mob heads from charged creepers.
• MC-98200 – All sound sliders except master are ignored by high-volume /playsound.
• MC-183776 – After switching game modes using F3 + F4, you need to press F3 twice to toggle the debug screen.
• MC-192907 – The F3 debug menu cannot be toggled while chat is open.
• MC-196443 – When reducedDebugInfo is true, hitting F3 + B and F3 + G would still tell the player in chat that they are being toggled, despite nothing happening.
• MC-197247 – Using F3 + D to clear pending lines keeps the previous delay for a new message.
• MC-203401 – Double-tapping forward button to sprint cannot be disabled/reconfigured.
• MC-217956 – Number keys do not work on the game menu with the debug pie.
• MC-220842 – Opening game mode switcher while spectating a mob with shader effect toggles the effect.
• MC-234479 – You can invite the same player multiple times to your realm even if they've already received an invitation or have already joined it.
• MC-235780 – The beacon GUI incorrectly displays the "Beacon" tooltip when the mouse cursor is held over the "Done" or "Cancel" buttons.
• MC-237016 – The chat delay function continues to print messages despite the game being paused.
• MC-237843 – Players can be idle kicked whilst viewing the end credits.
• MC-259692 – Sneaking and sprinting states are activated or toggled unexpectedly when releasing their input keys while an interface was just previously closed.
• MC-259935 – It can snow even when biome precipitation is set to NONE.
• MC-260822 – The "Done" and "Cancel" buttons within the beacon GUI no longer display tooltips when the mouse cursor is held over them.
• MC-261387 – Redundant block_predicate_filter check in mangrove tree placement.
• MC-262000 – Unused texture: misc/white.png.
• MC-263597 – The ender dragon's respawning noise cannot be turned down by the Hostile Mobs volume slider.
• MC-269838 – Pumpkin seeds drop from sheared pumpkins is hardcoded.
• MC-269839 – Honeycomb drop from sheared bee nests and beehives is hardcoded.
• MC-270918 – Loot tables for mob heads are missing copy_components loot function for custom_name.

From 1.21.1

• MC-275244 – Setting "width_smoothness" in file configured_carver to 0 causes the game to freeze or crash.
• MC-275432 – Subtitles are difficult to see within screens.
• MC-276568 – Mipmapped versions of the armor trims atlas are generated.
• MC-276629 – Glow berries drop from cave vines appears to be hardcoded.
• MC-277447 – Minecraft generates mipmapped textures for chests, but does not use them.
• MC-277450 – Minecraft generates mipmapped textures for shulker boxes, but does not use them.
• MC-277470 – Minecraft generates mipmapped textures for beds, but does not use them.
• MC-277471 – Minecraft generates mipmapped textures for signs, but does not use them.
• MC-277473 – Minecraft generates mipmapped textures for decorated pots, but does not use them.
• MC-277481 – Minecraft generates mipmapped textures for banners, but does not use them.
• MC-277483 – Minecraft generates mipmapped textures for shields, but does not use them.
• MC-277770 – Processor type block_age always modifies slabs property "type" to bottom.

From 1.21.2

• MC-276759 – Scute drop from brushing armadillos is hardcoded.

From 1.21.4

• MC-278965 – Cherry Grove is not part of the #stronghold_biased_to tag.
• MC-279793 – Mounting horses, donkeys, mules, zombie horses, skeleton horses, and camels no longer forces you to face forward.
• MC-289348 – Ender pearls stop loading chunks in The End after relog, if there are no players in that dimension.

From 1.21.5

• MC-298274 – Certain invalid commands give "see below for error" with no additional information.
• MC-298805 – Axes disable shields even when the shield does not block the attack.

From 1.21.6

• MC-297593 – Cauldrons now apply the effect of the substance they're filled with when contacted from the underside.
• MC-298732 – The cursor is no longer shown at the end of lines that aren't the final one.
• MC-298883 – The active world slot is not highlighted when selected via TAB navigation in Realms.

From 1.21.7

• MC-299450 – You can no longer double-click to select characters in the book and quill interface.
• MC-299451 – Pages in book and quills are no longer automatically focused when switching pages.
• MC-299566 – The cursor in the book and quill interface is positioned too far to the left.
• MC-299628 – Mounted players/mobs trigger sculk sensors on world load.
• MC-299782 – Zombie villagers saved in jigsaw structures forget their biome variant and profession upon world generation.

From 1.21.8

• MC-299896 – You can switch the worlds of expired realms to empty slots, which misleadingly prompts world creation despite no active realms subscription.
• MC-300021 – Some elements of the villager interface are now rendered above the cursor item.

25w32a

25w32a is the second snapshot for Java Edition 1.21.9, released on August 5, 2025,^[2] which adds new copper variant blocks.

Additions

Blocks

Copper bars

• Functions like the existing iron bars, but can be waxed.
• Crafted from copper ingots, and oxidizes over time.
• Sixteen copper bars can be crafted using six copper ingots.

Ingredients	Crafting recipe
Copper Ingot	16

Copper chain

• Functions like the existing iron chain, but can be waxed.
• Crafted from copper ingots and copper nuggets, and oxidizes over time.
• Copper chains can be crafted using a copper ingot and two copper nuggets.

Ingredients	Crafting recipe
Copper Nugget + Copper Ingot

Copper lantern

• Crafted using copper nuggets and one copper torch.
• The lantern itself oxidizes, changing its look as it ages.
• Can be waxed.
• Functionally identical to the lantern.

Ingredients	Crafting recipe
Copper Nugget + Copper Torch

Copper torch

• A green variant of the torch crafted from a copper nugget, coal or charcoal, and stick.
• Functionally identical to the torch.

Ingredients	Crafting recipe
Copper Nugget + Coal or  Charcoal + Stick	4

General

Particles

• Added copper_fire_flame.

Tags

• Block Tags
  • Added #bars
    • Contains all bar blocks.
  • Added #chains
    • Contains all chain blocks.
  • Added #lanterns
    • Contains all lantern blocks.
• Item Tags
  • Added #bars
    • Contains all bar block items.
  • Added #chains
    • Contains all chain block items.
  • Added #lanterns
    • Contains all lantern block items.

Text component format

• object
  • New text component with type object has been added.
  • This component will display a single sprite from sprite atlas as a character.
  • Sprites are always rendered as a rectangle, 8x8 pixels in size.
  • Format:
    • atlas - namespaced ID of a sprite atlas, default value: minecraft:blocks
    • sprite - namespaced ID of a sprite in atlas, for example item/porkchop
  • General note about atlas contents:
    • Sprite Atlases contain textures for items, blocks, mob effects, GUI elements, etc.
    • Contents are controlled by files in assets/minecraft/atlases/ directory in a resource pack.
    • Current contents can be reviewed with the F3 + S key combination.

Changes

Blocks

Copper golem statues

• Now always drop as item when mined.
• Now pop off as an item when pushed by a piston.

Copper trapdoor

• The crafting recipe now uses 4 copper ingots, instead of 6.
• The old recipe is now used by Copper Bars.
• The crafting recipe now produces 1 copper trapdoor instead of 2.

Ingredients	Crafting recipe
Copper Ingot

Iron chain

• Renamed from "Chain".

Shelf

• Items on the shelf have been repositioned to sit on the shelf.

General

Data pack

• The pack format version is now 83.0.

Entity data

• copper_golem
  • The weather_state field now expects a string id instead of integer id.
    • 0 → unaffected
    • 1 → exposed
    • 2 → weathered
    • 3 → oxidized

Loot tables

• Added harvest/sweet_berry_bush loot table for drops when a sweet berry bush with sweet berries is harvested by interacting with it.

Resource pack

• The version is now 65.1.
• Added new block sprites: copper_bars, copper_chain, copper_lantern, copper_torch, exposed_copper_bars, exposed_copper_chain, exposed_copper_lantern, oxidized_copper_bars, oxidized_copper_chain, oxidized_copper_lantern, weathered_copper_bars, weathered_copper_chain, weathered_copper_lantern
• Added new item sprites: copper_chain, copper_lantern, exposed_copper_chain, exposed_copper_lantern, oxidized_copper_chain, oxidized_copper_lantern, weathered_copper_chain, weathered_copper_lantern

Tags

• Added copper_torch to #wall_post_override block tag.
• Added #chains, #bars, and #lanterns, and removed chain, iron_bars, lantern, and soul_lantern to #mineable/pickaxe block tag.

Fixes

49 issues fixed

From released versions before 1.21

• MC-163218 – Players with the Sneak option set to "Toggle" can sneak while in GUIs.
• MC-174759 – Dragon eggs can be teleported to a height below void.
• MC-257540 – Sheep eat half as often as they did before 21w39a.

From 1.21

• MC-273943 – Sweet berries drop from harvested bushes is hardcoded.

From 1.21.1

• MC-276431 – Dragon egg teleports above the build height limit and deletes itself.

From 1.21.5

• MC-279548 – TNT minecart does not remember ignition source when exploding from a fall.
• MC-296054 – Fast non-projectile entity movements may fail to apply block effects from blocks around the starting position when moving in positive directions.
• MC-296055 – Slow non-projectile entity movements may fail to apply block effects from origin block.
• MC-296057 – Sideways non-projectile movements may fail to apply block effects from blocks around start of sideways motion.
• MC-296372 – Teleport duration is unreliable as of 1.21.5.

From 1.21.7

• MC-299314 – Breaking jukeboxes in certain ways doesn't stop the music.
• MC-299627 – Entity interpolation for high speed projectiles is wildly inaccurate.
• MC-299770 – Chunks loaded by ender pearls permanently unload upon player death even when enderPearlsVanishOnDeath is set to false.

From 1.21.8

• MC-299837 – Running two or more /rotate commands in the same tick only applies the rotation of the last command.
• MC-299872 – The freezing overlay flashes when a freezing player touches fire.
• MC-299913 – The "You don't seem to have a Realm..." focusable text widget now has a black background.
• MC-300092 – F3 pie chart particle entries are missing names.
• MC-300340 – Continuously clicking "Continue" on the welcome page resets the button disappearance animation progress.

From the previous development version

• MC-300051 – The top part of worn leggings does not render.
• MC-300094 – Entities' held items no longer follow their arm movements when they have the invisibility effect.
• MC-300100 – The "biome" debug option no longer has a space before its biome name.
• MC-300105 – The player can drown while the game is paused.
• MC-300108 – Villagers' and zombie villagers' clothes are incomplete.
• MC-300113 – pack.mcmeta no longer accepts the longform object syntax in the supported_formats field.
• MC-300121 – Interacting with a group of more than 3 connected shelves causes the game to crash.
• MC-300122 – Certain parts of horse armor are sometimes invisible.
• MC-300131 – The debug.entry.currently.inF3 string is improperly capitalized.
• MC-300136 – Held item positions are synchronized between entities of the same model in view.
• MC-300145 – Players can use items while their inventories are open when the “Use Item/Place Block” option is set to “Toggle”.
• MC-300146 – Exiting interfaces is incredibly difficult when the “Use Item/Place Block” option is set to “Toggle”.
• MC-300153 – The inner cubes of slimes are sometimes invisible from the outside.
• MC-300155 – Players can freeze while standing in powder snow despite the game being paused.
• MC-300164 – The value of the "Sprint Window" option is not saved.
• MC-300165 – Players are damaged when blocking attacks with shields that disable shields.
• MC-300166 – When looking_at_block or looking_at_fluid is enabled in the debug options, FPS is impacted by server tick rate.
• MC-300168 – All shelf variants are in the redstone section of the creative inventory.
• MC-300180 – Debug screen text now stays on the screen in F1.
• MC-300187 – Interacting with items with certain components in the inventory causes a crash.
• MC-300193 – Dying and respawning within the same dimension consistently shows a loading terrain screen.
• MC-300196 – Local Difficulty debug information flickers if it is open while GUI is hidden.
• MC-300214 – The shadows of baby mobs are now of the same size as those of their adult counterparts.
• MC-300235 – First number in E counter is always stuck at 0.
• MC-300248 – Subtitles/closed captions obstruct the inventory UI.
• MC-300275 – Pausing while riding a strider on top of lava sets the player on fire.
• MC-300305 – When multiple people use fishing rods, an additional black line is drawn.
• MC-300394 – Oxidized/waxed oxidized copper golems, statue and entity versions, have the wrong pixels underneath their feet compared to their other counterparts.
• MC-300421 – Inconsistent capitalization for F3 + F5 description in F3 + Q debug menu.
• MC-300440 – Elytra consumes durability while the game is paused in singleplayer.
• MC-300464 – The debug crosshair is rendered in third person.

25w33a

25w33a is the third snapshot for Java Edition 1.21.9, released on August 12, 2025.^[3]

Additions

General

Chat drafts

• Unsent chat messages now get saved as chat drafts if the chat was forcibly closed.
  • This includes it being closed by external sources such as dying or a dialog opening, but not the player intentionally closing their chat.
• Any existing chat draft will get pre-filled into the message box the next time the chat is opened.
• Draft text has a grayed-out appearance until fully restored.
  • Draft text can be restored as regular text by interacting with it:
    • Typing additional text.
    • Moving the text cursor using the arrow keys.
    • Clicking it.
    • Highlighting it.
  • Pressing ↵ Enter on a chat draft prior to it being restored sends it like a normal chat message.
  • Pressing ← Backspace on a chat draft prior to it being restored deletes it.

End flash

• The End dimension now has skylight.
• Normally the skylight does not affect how the dimension looks.
• Every 30 seconds, flashes in the sky happen.
• When they happen, skylight intensity increases flooding the dimension with purple light.
• Last between 5 and 19 seconds.

Options

• Added an option to the Chat Settings menu that enables saving unsent chat messages by default.
  • With this option enabled, unsent messages will always get saved as chat drafts, even if the player intentionally closed their chat.

Sounds

• Added weather.end_flash sound events.

Tags

• Added #shearable_from_copper_golem item tag.
  • Contains all items that can be removed from the copper golem's head slot via shears.
• Added #accepts_iron_golem_gift entity type tag.
  • Contains all mob types an iron golem can place a poppy on the head of.
• Added #candidate_for_iron_golem_gift entity type tag.
  • Contains all entity types an iron golem may offer a poppy.
• Added #cannot_be_pushed_onto_boats entity type tag.
  • Contains entity types that do not automatically enter boats.

Textures

• Added environment/end_flash.png

Changes

Blocks

Shelf

• Items in the shelf will render in the middle of the shelf.
• Updated the sizes of many items in the shelf to better fit the shelf.

Mobs

Copper golem

• Decorative flowers can now be planted on them by iron golems.
  • These flowers can be removed with shears.
  • Drop upon turning into a statue.

Iron golem

• Now sometimes plant a decorative flower onto a nearby copper golem.

General

Attribute

• run_command click event
  • Previously, if the command field contained a command that required a signed message (/say, /me, /msg, /tell, /w, /teammsg, /tm), it would be silently discarded.
    • Instead, a screen will be shown that lets the user insert the command into the chat window or copy the command to their clipboard if the chat window can't be opened.

Block states

• Added align_items_to_bottom block state property to the shelf block.
  • If false the items on the shelf will ignore the vertical translation of the on_shelf item display transform and will be rendered vertically aligned to the middle of the shelf.
  • If true the items on the shelf will be rendered upward from the bottom of the shelf and will respect the vertical translation of the on_shelf item display transform.
    • Default is false (items are aligned to the middle of the shelf).

Chat

• It is now possible to start chatting while standing inside a Nether portal.
• The chat will now remain open and unchanged if the player was chatting before being transferred to another dimension.

Data pack

• The pack format version is now 83.1.

Enchantment definition

• explode entity effects
  • New field: block_particles^{[note 1]}
    • Specifies per-block particles. Each block particle is randomly chosen according to weights. A set limit of block particles is spawned each tick from all explosions that tick.
    • Format: List of entries.
      • weight: Non-negative integer representing the random weight for this entry being chosen
      • particle: The particle to spawn
      • scaling: Optional scaling to apply between explosion center and block position, or 1.0 if not specified
      • speec [sic]^[4]: Optional scaling to apply to the speed of the particle, or 1.0 if not specified

Resource pack

• The version is now 65.2.
• Added new display transform on_shelf
  • Used for displaying items on the Shelf.

Social Interactions

• Players that have joined a server are now always shown in the Social Interactions screen of that server even if they are offline.^[verify]

Tags

• Added copper_pickaxe to #cluster_max_harvestables item tag.

Fixes

30 issues fixed

From released versions before 1.21

• MC-26334 – Chat UI is forcibly cleared when killed.
• MC-46503 – You can retain entities' shaders by running the /kill command while in spectator mode.
• MC-69216 – Switching to spectator mode while fishing keeps rod cast.
• MC-98322 – Flying after shifting between Creative/Spectator.
• MC-99785 – You can leash entities in spectator mode.
• MC-119417 – A spectator can occupy a bed if they enter it and then are switched to spectator mode.
• MC-165991 – TNT explosion no longer shows additional smoke particles since 1.15 Pre-release 1.
• MC-173730 – Shift-clicking water buckets against a waterloggable block doesn't place the water beside the waterloggable block.
• MC-183784 – Visual bug to the Game Mode Switcher debug menu after resizing the window.
• MC-187850 – run_command click_event doesn't work in written books if chat is hidden.
• MC-191669 – Sprinting is disabled when switching your gamemode to spectator while sprinting into a block or general obstruction.
• MC-232968 – Spectators can prevent the closing animation of a chest/barrel when viewing it at the same time as a non-spectator.
• MC-238146 – When you switch to Spectator mode while sleeping, the night never skips.
• MC-259571 – Last player game mode not saved after player dies or the game is reloaded.
• MC-270172 – Client and server desync for hooked players when changing gamemode to spectator.

From 1.21.6

• MC-297898 – Entering a dialog temporarily closes the chat and clears anything the player was currently typing.

From 1.21.7

• MC-299548 – run_command dialog actions don't work if chat is hidden.

From 1.21.8

• MC-299823 – Minecraft shaders cause C7050 warnings.
• MC-299873 – Selection boxes of plain messages within dialogs can get cut off.
• MC-300034 – Dolphins can ride boats.
• MC-300457 – Dialog is unescapable when action or exit_action is set to run_command with a command that would produce a signed chat message.

From the Java Edition 1.21.9 development versions

• MC-300057 – Monsters still spawn for a tick when spawning them with a Spawn Egg in Peaceful.
• MC-300183 – Items in shelves are smaller on Java than they are on Bedrock.
• MC-300417 – The copper pickaxe is not part of the #cluster_max_harvestables item tag.
• MC-300477 – The translucent parts of breezes are now intermittently ordered incorrectly.

From the previous development version

• MC-300722 – Hoppers appear to randomly stop draining items through shelves.
• MC-300732 – Loaded ender pearls are deleted when viewing the end credits for the first time when enderPearlsVanishOnDeath is true.
• MC-300739 – Server crash when generating custom structures containing shelf blocks.
• MC-300746 – Missing translation for copper wall torch.
• MC-300747 – Cannot see villager's profession layer behind slime.

25w34a

25w34a (incorrectly titled Snapshot 25w34a in-game) is the fourth snapshot for Java Edition 1.21.9, released on August 19, 2025.^[5]

Additions

Command format

/fetchprofile

• New command that fetches the contents of a player profile from Minecraft servers.
• Since the operation might take some time, it works asynchronously.
  • Results will be printed only when operation finishes, but the game will keep running unpaused.
• After successful completion, a message will be printed that lets users copy the contents of a fully resolved minecraft:profile component or /give @s minecraft:player_head with said component.
• Since the result is not known at the time of execution, this command always returns 1.
• Syntax:
  • /fetchprofile name <player name>: resolves profile by username (case-insensitive).
  • /fetchprofile id <uuid>: resolves profile by UUID.

General

Server Code of Conduct

• When connecting to a server, a Code of Conduct screen can now be shown.
  • Accepting the Code of Conduct is required to play on the server.
  • A checkbox is available for not showing the same Code of Conduct in the future.
    • If the Code of Conduct changes, it will be shown again.

Changes

Mobs

Copper golem

• The eyes of the copper golem are now invisible as well when splashed with potion of Invisibility.
• The hitbox has been tweaked.
  • The hitbox is now 0.6 blocks in width to be able to pathfind through open doors.
  • The hitbox is now 1.01 blocks in height to not get stuck in certain blocks.

Gameplay

Sounds

• The sound effect produced by an End flash now has a higher delay.
• Copper golems & copper chests are now audible from up to 12 blocks away.
• The copper sorting sounds have been tweaked to be quieter.

General

Block entity data

• minecraft:skull
  • The profile field has been changed to match minecraft:profile component.
    • That means that it also becomes immutable and is resolved only when necessary.

Block states

• Removed align_items_to_bottom block state property from shelf block.
  • It has been replaced with an equally named boolean field on the shelf block entity.
  • Shelves created with this property set in the last snapshot will reset back to the default value (false)

Data component format

• minecraft:profile
  • Player profiles in data components and block entities no longer resolve automatically.
  • Previously contents of this component would permanently change when profile was resolved, i.e. downloaded from Minecraft service.
  • To avoid issues with this unexpected change, the resolved value is no longer stored and contents of the profile will always remain unchanged.
  • This component has now two behaviours:
    • Static: when it has properties field or when both name and id are present or when both are missing.
      • In this state, profile will always render as-is.
      • If properties field is missing, a default skin will be used (selected based on id, same as in offline mode).
      • That means skin will be frozen at the moment of component creation.
      • This option is preferred for decorational uses.
    • Dynamic: when it has either name or id (but not both).
      • When an item containing this profile is rendered on the client side, the profile will be resolved to most recent value.
      • This means that this item will always render with current skin of targeted player.
        • If a player changes skin while game is running, change will not be visible unless clients restart.
      • Resolution might happen with a delay, during which item will render with a default skin.
      • Profile name will replace item name only when it's present.
        • Items with just id will show default name.
      • Items will dynamic profiles be distinguished from static ones with label in tooltip.
  • Items stack based on exact contents, so even if a dynamic component is eventually resolved to the same profile as a static one, they won't stack together.
  • Player heads in older maps that have not been loaded in never versions yet will usually be converted to dynamic contents.

Data pack

• The pack format version is now 84.0.

Options

• The "Hide Lightning Flashes" accessibility setting has been renamed to "Hide Sky Flashes" and now also disables the End Flashes.
  • When the flash is disabled by the setting the world will not be lit by the flash, but the flash source will still be visible in the sky and the sound effect will still play.

Panorama

• Updated the panorama to show a scene with copper golems in a village.

Resource pack

• The version is now 66.0.

Server.properties

• A new boolean field has been added to server.properties called enable-code-of-conduct.
  • Setting it to true will make the server look for code of conduct files in the codeofconduct subfolder in the same folder as server.properties
  • Each file in the folder should have the form <language_code>.txt
    • The language shown will attempt to match the player's language.
    • If it doesn't exist, the en_us code of conduct will be used.
    • If that also doesn't exist, an arbitrary available entry is used.

Statistics

• The Statistics screen now uses the same type of tabs as the Create New World screen instead of buttons.

Tags

• Added barrier to #impermeable block tag.
• Removed guardian from #cannot_be_pushed_onto_boats entity type tag.

Text component format

• Bold and italics styles are ignored when drawing sprites.

Fixes

52 issues fixed

From released versions before 1.21

• MC-383 – In the world selection screen, world names/versions/timestamps can overflow the list to the right.
• MC-36783 – Item frames/Glow item frames don't change their hitbox if they contain a map.
• MC-59413 – Water and lava can drip from barriers.
• MC-147784 – Fletching table flashes crafting table's GUI for about a second upon right-clicking it in spectator mode.
• MC-259673 – Tab selection works differently in world creation and statistics screens.
• MC-260591 – /execute on origin and /execute on owner fail to find the targeted entity when it is in a separate dimension.
• MC-260920 – Statistics screen columns are not accessible through keyboard navigation.
• MC-265290 – Elements within the command block interface are not selected in order when using the Tab ↹ key.
• MC-270190 – Hovering over banner patterns in the loom UI does not display tooltips.
• MC-270669 – Incorrect argument order in translation key argument.block.property.novalue.
• MC-272584 – Fireballs redirected by explosions caused by player owned entities no longer carry player ownership.

From 1.21.1

• MC-276931 – Enchanted books have the wrong rarity.

From 1.21.5

• MC-296789 – The color of text within the test instance block interface is inconsistent with other similar interfaces.

From 1.21.6

• MC-297496 – Text inside the middle of the java realms information box completely disappears when selected.
• MC-299067 – Arrows can lose ownership on disconnection in multiplayer.
• MC-299115 – Arrows lose their owner tag when deflected while the owner is offline.

From 1.21.8

• MC-300856 – I-beam cursor in book signing screen has wrong color.

From the Java Edition 1.21.9 development versions

• MC-300045 – The hand animation plays when right-clicking copper golems.
• MC-300046 – The copper golem statue models in the inventory are partly cut off at the top.
• MC-300048 – Copper golem statue item entities are rendered too large.
• MC-300066 – The Ender Dragon Spawn Egg has the "Disabled in Peaceful" note despite being able to spawn in Peaceful mode.
• MC-300082 – Copper golems with the NoAI tag can adjust their rotation and spin.
• MC-300083 – Copper golems with the Silent tag can still produce some sounds.
• MC-300085 – Copper golem statues' poses are off-centered.
• MC-300130 – The "commands.summon.failed.peaceful" string doesn’t pluralize the word "Monster".
• MC-300134 – Copper Golem Spawn Egg isn't alphabetized in the creative inventory.
• MC-300213 – Copper golems' hitbox is too large to fit through open single doors.
• MC-300222 – Upon exiting the gamemode switcher F3 + F4 or debug options menu F3 + F5 while viewing the credits, the player does not resume viewing the credits and instead remains in the end in a phantom state until they relog.
• MC-300245 – Any double chests variant doesnt play any sound when a copper golem interacts with the right part of the chest specifically.
• MC-300249 – Copper golem statue block outline is above the top of the block below.
• MC-300365 – Copper golems inconsistently activate trapped chests.
• MC-300406 – Updating open copper chests causes the chests to remain open.
• MC-300441 – Nether ambient sounds continue playing after leaving the Nether.
• MC-300475 – The Glowing outline now appears black on the fur model parts of invisible sheep.
• MC-300480 – Worn copper golem statues are incorrectly rotated.
• MC-300695 – The sprint toggle state is now reset when viewing any screen.
• MC-300718 – Player doesn't re-sneak automatically if they were sneaking before opening a GUI with Sneak Toggle set.
• MC-300796 – Harvesting from sweet berry bushes can drop more sweet berries than before.
• MC-300804 – The Glowing outline is now always white on invisible entities that aren't the player, unless the player is in the same team.
• MC-300825 – Entities with NaN motion cause clients to be kicked and softlocked.
• MC-300839 – Disc sounds can be heard in another dimension.
• MC-300846 – The /rotate command doubles the target entity's motion each time it is run.
• MC-300888 – pack.mcmeta no longer supports versions below 16 in the supported_formats field.

From the previous development version

• MC-300968 – Flying state is not saved when reloading world.
• MC-300970 – Missing sound for event: minecraft:entity.copper_golem.shear.
• MC-300972 – End light flashes sound can be heard while looking at the credits.
• MC-300975 – Copper golems wear banners backwards.
• MC-300983 – The speed field in ExplosionParticleInfo codec is misspelled as "speec".
• MC-300995 – Game crashes when changing the F3 menu during world disconnection.
• MC-301004 – Normal guardians are no longer able to enter boats.
• MC-301030 – Frosted ice now melts in the End.
• MC-301032 – Bees in the End now hide in their hive when it's raining in the Overworld.

25w34b

25w34b is the fifth snapshot for Java Edition 1.21.9, released on August 19, 2025, which fixes connectivity issues with Realms.^[6]

Fixes

1 issue fixed

From the Java Edition 1.21.9 development versions

• MC-300911 – Glowing item & block displays no longer glow

25w35a

25w35a is the sixth snapshot for Java Edition 1.21.9, released on August 26, 2025, which adds the Minecraft Server Management Protocol, moves some server properties to game rules, improves copper golem behavior, and fixes bugs.^[7]

Additions

General

Game rules

• Added pvp game rule controlling whether players can deal damage to other players.
  • Defaults to true.
• Added allowEnteringNetherUsingPortals game rule controlling if the Nether can be entered through portals.
  • Defaults to true.
• Added spawnMonsters game rule controlling if monsters should spawn naturally.
  • Defaults to true.
• Added enableCommandBlocks game rule controlling if command blocks should be enabled or not.
  • Defaults to true.

Languages

• Added Halychian language support.

Minecraft Server Management Protocol

• Added a server management API (JSON-RPC over WebSocket) for dedicated servers.
  • The API is disabled by default and can be enabled in the server properties file.
    • management-server-enabled=true
    • management-server-host=localhost
    • management-server-port=25585
  • The API is accessible at ws://<management-server-host>:<management-server-port> when enabled.
  • Supports querying and updating of server state (players, allowlist, operators, settings, game rules).
  • Sends notifications on state changes (e.g. player joins, game rule updates).
  • Calling {"id":1,"method":"rpc.discover"} returns an API schema containing supported methods and notifications of the currently running server.
  • The Data Generator produces an API schema (json-rpc-api-schema.json) in the reports output folder mirroring the contents returned by the rpc.discover method.
  • The API adheres to the JSON-RPC 2.0 specification.
  • Uses namespaced methods and the reserved namespaces are minecraft (e.g. minecraft:players, minecraft:allowlist/add) and notification (e.g. notification:players/joined).
    • Extensible via custom namespaces for additional methods and events.
  • Core method groups: players, allowlist, operators, server (save, stop), server settings, game rules.
  • Example method call:
    • Request: {"method":"minecraft:allowlist/add","id":1,"params":[[{"name":"jeb_"}]]}
    • Response: {"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"result":[{"id":"853c80ef-3c37-49fd-aa49-938b674adae6","name":"jeb_"}]}
  • Example notification:
    • {"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"notification:players/joined","params":[{"id":"853c80ef-3c37-49fd-aa49-938b674adae6","name":"jeb_"}]}
  • Example error:
    • Request: {"method": "minecraft:foo/bar","id": 1}
    • Response: {"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"result":{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"error":{"code":-32601,"message":"Method not found","data":"Method not found: minecraft:foo/bar"}}}
    • Errors and error codes follow JSON-RPC 2.0 error object format.

Options

• Added "Allow Cursor Changes" option in "Mouse Settings" menu.

Changes

Blocks

Copper Chest

• Copper chests created from spawning a copper golem now correctly connect to nearby copper chests.

Hanging Sign

• Hanging signs can now only be crafted using iron chains.

Mobs

Copper Golem

• Hitbox has been tweaked.
  • The hitbox is now 0.98 blocks in height to be able to pathfind in one block high spaces.
• The copper golem now uses the saddle equipment slot for blocks placed atop of its lightning rod.
  • Its head equipment slot will now function like a regular head slot, akin to its functionality for humanoid mobs.

General

Data pack

• The pack format version is now 85.0.
• Renamed chain to iron_chain.

Mouse cursor

• Some UI components will now change shape of mouse cursor.
  • Examples: text inputs, numeric sliders, buttons, scroll bars.
• Additionally, clickable parts of text labels (like links) will now change cursor to the "hand" shape.
• This feature can be disabled with "Allow Cursor Changes" option in "Mouse Settings..." menu.

Resource pack

• The version is now 67.0.
• Renamed the following block sprites: chain to iron_chain.
• Renamed the following item sprites: chain to iron_chain.

Server.properties

• Several server properties were removed in favour of making them into game rules, allowing these settings to be changed while the server is running.
• Removed server property allow-nether in favor of new game rule.
• Removed server property spawn-monsters in favor of new game rule.
• Removed server property enable-command-block in favor of new game rule.
• Removed server property pvp in favor of new game rule.
• Added server property management-server-enabled controlling whether the new Minecraft Server Management Protocol is enabled or not.
  • Defaults to false.
• Added server property management-server-port controlling on what port the Minecraft Server Management Protocol is started.
  • Defaults to 25585.
• Added server property management-server-host controlling with what host the new Minecraft Server Management Protocol is started.
  • Defaults to localhost.
• Added server property status-heartbeat-interval controlling the interval the management server sends heartbeat notifications to connected clients.
  • Defaults to 0, meaning it’s disabled.

Tags

• Renamed chain to iron_chain from #chains block and item tag.

Text component format

• object Text Component
  • This component has been updated to support displaying other non-character objects as a part of text.
  • New format:
    • object: type of object, string, see below for values.
    • <type-specific>: additional fields depending on object type.
  • Similarly to nbt text component object field can be omitted.
    • However, it's recommended to provide it for error checking.

• atlas Object Type
  • Behaves the same way as the object component did previously, but is now a separate object type.
  • Uses the same format as before.

• player Object Type
  • Renders player head.
  • If partial profile is given, skin is resolved in the same way as minecraft:profile component on player head.
  • Format:
    • player: player profile
      • name: player name, optional string
      • id: player uuid, optional UUID
      • properties: profile properties, optional map
    • hat: controls rendering of a hat layer, boolean, default true

UI

• When adding a new server to the server list, the name is no longer prefilled. When left empty the default name is used.
• More text inputs now support selecting text by mouse dragging.

Fixes

46 issues fixed

From 1.21.3

• MC-278550 – While flying in creative or spectator mode, the surface of water can prevent you from sprinting.

From 1.21.6

• MC-297126 – "Failed to read field..." error spam when upgrading a 25w15a or 25w16a world.

From the Java Edition 1.21.9 development versions

• MC-300044 – Z-fighting occurs when the heads of copper golems intersect their bodies.
• MC-300049 – The debug text is rendered on top of the debug options.
• MC-300054 – Double oxidized copper chest texture UV is missing pixels.
• MC-300067 – Copper golems continue their chest searching animations while dying.
• MC-300074 – No particles are produced when scraping oxidation off copper golems.
• MC-300089 – Chests sometimes get stuck in inverted states after being interacted with by copper golems.
• MC-300102 – Shelves float when held in the player's hand in third person.
• MC-300103 – Removing items from a shelf uses the "Item placed" caption.
• MC-300119 – Copper golems don’t always avoid dangerous blocks when pathfinding to chests.
• MC-300124 – All the oxidation states of the lightning rod are listed in the redstone tab of the creative inventory.
• MC-300129 – Copper golems can't put items into chests above them.
• MC-300173 – The Copper Chest textures' diagonal glint direction doesn't match the large chest variants' on some sides.
• MC-300229 – Z-fighting on antenna when putting certain blocks above a copper golem statue.
• MC-300267 – The miniature mobs inside spawners and trial spawners are sometimes lit incorrectly.
• MC-300301 – Shelves produce unusually high-resolution particles due to having a 32x32 texture.
• MC-300304 – Comparators can stay active when measuring the pose of a copper golem statue block which is revived.
• MC-300462 – Copper golems attached to leads still attempt to pathfind toward chests.
• MC-300501 – Variants of copper chests are not included in the "Redstone Blocks" tab in the creative inventory whereas normal chests are.
• MC-300568 – Copper golems don't open chests if given room to walk about.
• MC-300688 – The iron chain's block/item ID is still "chain".
• MC-300703 – The underside of double copper chests does not use a merged texture.
• MC-300744 – The copper and iron nuggets are inverted and arranged incorrectly in the Creative mode inventory.
• MC-300762 – Copper golems require at least 3 blocks of space above a chest to place anything.
• MC-300797 – The glowing effect causes entities to render incorrectly inside of inventories.
• MC-300827 – Pressing F3 + Q in certain screens does not show help, despite F3 suggesting it.
• MC-300977 – Clocks function in the recipe book/villager/crafter UI.
• MC-301023 – When a warden applies the darkness effect to you, the chat interface, item bar, and items become dark.
• MC-301025 – End flash purplish light saturation is affected by brightness values.
• MC-301026 – End flash purplish light becomes extremely saturated when the player is affected by darkness.
• MC-301048 – In the "sitting" pose, the copper statue’s rod becomes shorter.
• MC-301101 – Certain similar blocks are positioned differently on copper golems' heads.
• MC-301224 – The first few stages of block cracks are not rendered on chests.
• MC-301225 – Game crashes when quitting creating new world menu without other worlds created before.
• MC-301226 – Block cracks no longer render on banners.
• MC-301228 – Block cracks no longer render on heads and skulls.
• MC-301230 – The word "resolve" is misspelled as "resolved" within the "commands.profile_fetch.id.failure" string.
• MC-301231 – Enchanting table book animations are not independent.
• MC-301236 – Enchantment glint is no longer visible on held tridents.
• MC-301242 – Enchantment glint is no longer visible on shields.

From the previous development version

• MC-301273 – Clicking on the join server hover button now selects the server, unless any server is already selected.
• MC-301290 – Game crashes when trying to render a glowing enchanted item.
• MC-301295 – TTF font provider oversample increases width of characters.
• MC-301328 – Glowing item entities briefly turn white upon pickup.
• MC-301339 – Miniature mobs inside spawners always render fully lit.

25w36a

25w36a is the seventh snapshot for Java Edition 1.21.9, released on September 2, 2025.^[8] It improves several textures and visual features, adds the ability to set different world borders in different dimensions, and adds a new technical mob.

Additions

Non-mob entities

Mannequin

• Added a new type of technical entity called minecraft:mannequin which can only be spawned with summon commands.
  • A mannequin is a player avatar without a connected player.
  • Mannequins always show an "NPC" text where a Player's below_score score would show.
  • Mannequins function as living entities, like armor stands.
    • They can hold and wear equipment, have attributes & effects, take damage, etc.
  • Data Fields:
    • profile - Which profile to show on the entity. This is either a Player profile (same format as a minecraft:profile component) or a Mannequin profile with the following fields:
      • texture - Namespaced ID of the skin texture to use.
        • The skin is specified relative to the textures folder and with a .png suffix.
        • e.g. entity/player/wide/steve will use the default wide Steve skin.
      • cape - Optional namespaced ID of the cape texture to use.
        • When specified, uses the same format as the texture field.
        • Omitting this field means the mannequin has no cape.
      • elytra - Optional namespaced ID of the elytra texture to use.
        • When specified, uses the same format as the texture field.
        • Omitting this field means the mannequin uses the cape texture, or if that is also omitted, the default elytra texture when wearing elytra.
      • model - Optional model type, one of wide and slim.
        • If omitted, wide is used.
    • hidden_layers - List of outer skin layers to hide.
      • Valid entries: cape, jacket, left_sleeve, right_sleeve, left_pants_leg, right_pants_leg, hat.
    • main_hand - Which hand is the main hand of the mannequin.
      • One of left and right.
  • This entity highly resembles the Mob entity removed long ago in Beta 1.2, as it is has a player skin and has no movement AI.

Changes

Blocks

Copper lantern and copper torch

• Adjusted the colors to make them more discernible to color blind players.

Shelf

• Powered shelves can now only connect to other powered shelves facing the exact same direction.

General

Data pack

• The pack format version is now 86.0.

End flash

• While the ender dragon fog effect is active, the flash source in the sky is not visible and the brightness of the light affecting the world is reduced.

Key binds

• Multiple key binds that have the same key assigned to them can now work together, while before only one would work.
  • For example, it's now possible to bind the d key to Jump and Strafe Left, to jump and strafe left at the same time.
  • The red warning for assigning the same key to multiple key binds is changed to yellow.
• Added a Spectator category in the key binds screen, alongside the pre-existing Highlight Players key bind.
• The spectator hotbar menu key can now be rebound.

Particles

• dragon_breath now optionally takes a power parameter (float, default 1.0), which is multiplied onto its initial velocity, after all randomness.
• instant_effect and effect now optionally take power (float, default 1.0) and color (rgb, default 0xFFFFFF) parameters.
• flash now requires a color parameter (argb).

Rendering

• Particles outside of players view are not rendered anymore, which provides a performance improvement in some cases.

Resource pack

• The version is now 68.0.

Server Code of Conduct

• Formatting codes are now stripped from code of conduct files.

Shaders

• The following unused shaders have been removed:
  • core/position_color_lightmap.vsh
  • core/position_color_lightmap.fsh
  • core/position_color_tex_lightmap.vsh
  • core/position_color_tex_lightmap.fsh
• Minor change to uv calculations in the minecraft_sample_lightmap function in the core/terrain.vsh program.

UI

• Double-clicking a word in edit box now selects it.

World border

• The world border is now dimension-specific.
  • This means that each dimension can have its own world border size, position, etc.

Fixes

58 issues fixed

From released versions before 1.21

• MC-223142 – Player can move while spectating a marker.
• MC-225088 – Overworld surface is darker than before on low brightness.
• MC-234737 – Typo in exception message: "EmtyPoolElement".
• MC-236508 – The title within the "Add Server" menu is displayed as "Edit Server Info".
• MC-237590 – The word "chunks" is improperly capitalized within the render and simulation distance sliders.
• MC-238273 – "Locked by another running instance of Minecraft" lacks punctuation.
• MC-249205 – "minecraft.used:minecraft.potion" increases by a value of two when using water bottles to create mud in creative mode.
• MC-250062 – Several strings throughout the game contain comma splices.
• MC-250193 – Server log does not use the string representation of a player's GameProfile on a disconnect during encryption.
• MC-254668 – Pressing Escape on the death screen's title screen warning respawns the player.
• MC-257792 – Output slot for trading menu is off-center.
• MC-258191 – Root system feature allows hanging root vertical span of 0, causing error.
• MC-259347 – Height limit warning message is shown when right-clicking the top of a block at the build height limit with a bucket.
• MC-262370 – Some multiplayer strings are untranslatable.
• MC-264962 – Strings that contain two inputs for a given action have inconsistent spacing and apostrophes.
• MC-265807 – Mobs don't drown if their Air NBT is less than -19.

From 1.21.3

• MC-278435 – Mushroom Fields biome doesn't generate pumpkin patches despite being specified in vanilla datapack.

From 1.21.4

• MC-277975 – The first line of the command execution warning in an item's tooltip is missing punctuation.
• MC-279123 – Some strings that reference Minecraft Realms use inconsistent or missing verb forms.
• MC-279153 – Some strings that mention the base values of attributes are missing articles.
• MC-279173 – The "chat.disabled.invalid_command_signature" string is missing an article before the word "Command".
• MC-279174 – The "gamerule.spawnChunkRadius.description" string is missing an article before the word "Amount".
• MC-279175 – Some multiplayer disconnection strings are missing articles and demonstratives.
• MC-279176 – The "gamerule.commandModificationBlockLimit.description" string is missing an article before the word "Number".
• MC-279212 – Some narration strings are missing articles and possessive determiners.

From 1.21.5

• MC-295829 – Test instance block GUI uses "Batch" instead of "Environment".

From 1.21.6

• MC-298605 – When creating a Water World superflat world, the player spawns at the bottom of the sea.
• MC-299105 – Tears and Lava Chicken music disc 'desc' translations are unused.

From 1.21.8

• MC-301619 – Game mode translation key is used in the console message sent when a player tries to switch their game mode without permission.

From the Java Edition 1.21.9 development versions

• MC-300055 – You get the advancement Wax On for changing the pose of a Copper Golem Statue while holding Honeycomb.
• MC-300088 – Items placed by a copper golem in a double chest do not update redstone comparators reading the right side of the double chest.
• MC-300109 – Lightning bolt does not remove oxidation from the lightning rod.
• MC-300169 – The CustomName tag of a copper golem statue is not kept when mined.
• MC-300192 – No darker trim for copper.
• MC-300201 – Breaking a copper golem statue with a pose does not retain its pose.
• MC-300416 – Copper golems' pathfinding to chests is biased to northwest.
• MC-300558 – Copper golems can open locked chests without an appropriate key item.
• MC-300729 – Incorrect or unusually obvious pixels on the weathered and exposed copper bars.
• MC-300961 – The armor layer on husks no longer reflects their larger size compared to other humanoids.
• MC-301099 – Copper chests worn on copper golems' heads are not visible.
• MC-301250 – Upon exiting the gamemode switcher (F3 + F4) while viewing the credits, the player still does not resume viewing the credits and instead remains in the end in a phantom state until they relog.
• MC-301258 – Copper golem statues in the walking pose have a bit of their necks poking through their arms.
• MC-301259 – Shelf align_items_to_bottom in block entity data doesn't work.
• MC-301261 – The right arm of the copper golem statue isn't connected to its body.
• MC-301276 – The hand animation no longer plays when shearing copper golems.
• MC-301277 – Item frames with maps and paintings cannot share a corner anymore.
• MC-301278 – The code of conduct screen renders carriage return characters.
• MC-301283 – Sprint and sneak input can get 'stuck' if a screen is opened right as the input is pressed.
• MC-301310 – The “Transfer Now” button in the realms menu renders outside the selection box.
• MC-301312 – You cannot begin to use items while looking at copper golems.
• MC-301324 – Sitting copper golem statue nose is rotated incorrectly.
• MC-301330 – Malicious server can force client to remain stuck on code of conduct screen.
• MC-301374 – Evokers can now spawn in Peaceful difficulty.

From the previous development version

• MC-301519 – Trying to use a command block while the "enableCommandBlocks" gamerule is set to false says "Command blocks are not enabled on this server" even if you're not on a server.
• MC-301523 – Some gamerule description strings consist of inconsistent concluding punctuation, redundantly include “or not”, and are grammatically incorrect.
• MC-301524 – The block breaking animation on banners now amplifies with each pattern applied.
• MC-301546 – Bells do not display ringing animation when another bell is nearby.
• MC-301577 – Block light sources produce shadows around themselves under skylight.

25w36b

25w36b is the eighth snapshot for Java Edition 1.21.9, released on September 2, 2025.^[9] It fixes two crash bugs from 25w36a.

Fixes

2 issues fixed

From the previous development version

• MC-301745 – The client crashes when in the vicinity of an ender chest.
• MC-301749 – The client crashes when in the vicinity of another player.

25w37a

25w37a is the ninth and final snapshot for Java Edition 1.21.9, released on September 9, 2025.^[10]

Additions

General

Game rules

• Added spawnerBlocksEnabled game rule controlling if spawner blocks should be enabled or not.
  • Default to true.

Changes

Blocks

Test instance block

• Test instance blocks now preserve error markers between world reloads.

Mobs

General

• Logic for choosing type of equipment for geared mobs has been tweaked to add copper as a possibility.
  • The initial roll to choose a type now chooses between leather, copper and gold.
  • The chance to increase an armor tier has increased from 9.5% to 10.87%.

Copper golem

• The hitbox has been tweaked.
  • The hitbox is now 0.49 blocks in width to be able to pathfind through narrow spaces.
• Can now open doors.

General

Data pack

• The pack format version is now 87.0.

Debug features

• Some debug features that were previously removed during compilation are now preserved and can be used by players.
• Individual values can be enabled with JVM properties:
  • First, a global debug flag must be enabled with -DMC_DEBUG_ENABLED or -DMC_DEBUG_ENABLED=true.
  • Then, a specific feature can be enabled, for example -DMC_DEBUG_BRAIN or -DMC_DEBUG_BRAIN=true.
  • To get the list of all available debug properties, add -DMC_DEBUG_PRINT_PROPERTIES.
• Warning: this is debug code. It must be handled with extreme care.
  • This is an advanced feature, meant to help modders - it should not be used for normal play.
  • Features not guaranteed to work as intended.
  • It might crash the player's game or corrupt their worlds.
  • Individual options might be added, changed or removed without a notice.

Game library updates

• Rendering is now using OpenGL 3.3 core profile.

Game mode switcher

• Switching from Spectator mode to Creative mode no longer causes the player to stop flying.
  • Instead, flight now only gets disabled when switching game modes if the player is near the ground.
    • A player is considered to be near the ground if there is a collidable surface (i.e. blocks, happy ghasts, boats...) within 1 block below them.
  • Flight will not get disabled if the player was inside a block or collidable entity.
    • This is to prevent players from suddenly falling through the ground.

Game rules

• enableCommandBlocks was renamed to commandBlocksEnabled, to match Bedrock Edition.

Light

• Ambient lighting on entities has been adjusted to be more visually in line with blocks and other parts of the game.
  • The underside of flat surfaces will now be lit from that direction, instead of the opposite direction.
  • This mainly affects models containing cubes that are either flat or "hollow" such as: worn armor, worn elytra, the outside layers on player skins, the ribcages of skeletons or skeleton horses, the feet of chickens or frogs, the wings of phantoms or the ender dragon, the fins on fish, and more.

Minecraft Server Management Protocol

• Clients must authenticate to access the API.
  • Clients should supply an Authorization bearer token header with a server specific secret.
  • The secret is configured in the server properties file:
    • management-server-secret=
    • The secret should be exactly 40 alphanumeric characters (A-Z, a-z, 0-9).
    • The secret will be automatically generated if the server property is empty.
    • Unauthorized requests are rejected with 401 Unauthorized.
• TLS is enabled by default.
  • Can be disabled in the server properties file:
    • management-server-tls-enabled=false
  • Requires a keystore file to be set in the server properties file.
    • management-server-tls-keystore=path/to/keystore.p12
  • The keystore file must be in PKCS12 format.
  • Keystore password can be set in the following ways, in order of priority.0
    • Environment variable: MINECRAFT_MANAGEMENT_TLS_KEYSTORE_PASSWORD
    • JVM argument: -Dmanagement.tls.keystore.password=
    • Server property: management-server-tls-keystore-password=

Options

• Some sound sliders in the Music & Sound options now play a preview sound when adjusting the setting outside a world.
• The Resource Pack and Data Pack selection screens now have a search box.

Resource pack

• The version is now 69.0.

Server properties

• Default value of management-server-port was changed from 25585 to 0, assigning an available port each time management server is started.
• Added server property management-server-tls-enabled controlling whether the Minecraft Server Management Protocol uses TLS or not.
  • Defaults to true.
• Added server property management-server-tls-keystore controlling the path to the keystore file used for TLS.
  • Defaults to an empty string.
  • A dedicated server won't start when TLS is enabled and no keystore is provided.
• Added server property management-server-tls-keystore-password controlling the password to the keystore file used for TLS.
  • Defaults to an empty string.

Shaders

• A new PER_FACE_LIGHTING flag has been added to the following shaders:
  • core/entity.vsh
  • core/entity.fsh
• When set, cardinal lighting will be computed separately for front- and back-faces.
• As the game now requires OpenGL 3.3, the version of all shaders are bumped from 150 to 330.

Splashes

• Changed the splash "Now on OpenGL 3.2 core profile!" to "Now on OpenGL 3.3 core profile!"

Textures

• Moved the result slot of gui/container/villager.png up by one pixel.

Fixes

41 issues fixed

From released versions before 1.21

• MC-220913 – Parity issue: Adjusting slider in the sound settings when not being in a world does not play a sound of that category.
• MC-254052 – /locate doesn't work outside build limit.

From 1.21.5

• MC-295841 – Interactive collision check path is broken.

From 1.21.8

• MC-301494 – Falling particles no longer appear from floating sand or gravel.
• MC-301510 – GUI sprites nine slice performance regression.

From the Java Edition 1.21.9 development versions

• MC-300076 – Copper golems remain completely stationary while searching chests, causing them to float and making them unable to receive knockback or be pushed.
• MC-300299 – Copper Golems can open chests that are blocked.
• MC-300723 – Second armor layer is still not rendering properly on all pieces.
• MC-301294 – Higher tiers of mob armor are unreasonably less common than they were before 25w31a.
• MC-301506 – Parity issue: Copper golems can't open doors.
• MC-301531 – Server Management Protocol returns wrong response for invalid method IDs.
• MC-301547 – Switching from Spectator mode to Creative mode now makes you fall out of the sky.
• MC-301554 – Management protocol doesn't support batched requests.
• MC-301558 – Copper golems can't pathfind through thin blocks.
• MC-301563 – When you have the darkness potion effect, the chat, letters and words in the pause menu, items, F3 will darken.
• MC-301564 – Management protocol doesn't support string-based request IDs.
• MC-301574 – The spawnMonsters game rule does not take effect when switched.
• MC-301593 – Monsters can spawn from spawners with the "spawnMonsters" game rule set to false.
• MC-301599 – Action key getting stuck on when entering an interface so you are unable to exit without it reopening instantly.
• MC-301620 – Banner animation is not independent when two banners are rendered.
• MC-301661 – Server Management Protocol prints some incorrectly formatted messages in the console.
• MC-301711 – The name of the "enableCommandBlocks" game rule is inconsistent with Bedrock Edition.
• MC-301748 – Striking a Lightning Rod with non-default oxidation level with Lightning keeps nearby redstone components powered.
• MC-301751 – The client crashes when in the vicinity of a mannequin spawner.
• MC-301752 – Mannequins with profile.model set to "wide" render as a Steve skin.
• MC-301758 – Shield model clips through shelves.
• MC-301759 – Elements within the realms “Worlds” tab are not selected in order when using the Tab ↹ key.

From the previous development version

• MC-301766 – Heads and skulls appear too high when placed on shelf.
• MC-301768 – Structure blocks frame is not displayed when in spectator mode.
• MC-301785 – Squid ink particles are yellow.
• MC-301811 – Loot from suspicious blocks does not render while brushing.
• MC-301833 – Text of text_display entities is darker when "see_through" property is set to true.
• MC-301869 – The specification for the minecraft:ip_bans server management method says it returns an array of players even though it returns an array of ip_ban objects.
• MC-301870 – Command feedback for successful /ban and /ban-ip commands with no specified reason can't be sent to the client.
• MC-301889 – Documented return type does not match for clear methods in server managment protocol.
• MC-301891 – Server management method minecraft:bans/clear clears allowlist, not bans.
• MC-301899 – The output slot in the trading GUI is misaligned with other slots.
• MC-301903 – Dropped chests, including variants, are no longer translated upward.
• MC-301935 – Chests render on the bottom of shelves even though other items don't.
• MC-301952 – Conduit visual bug.

1.21.9 Pre-Release 1

1.21.9 Pre-Release 1 (known as 1.21.9-pre1 in the launcher) is the first pre-release for Java Edition 1.21.9, released on September 16, 2025 with some changes to the mannequins and several bug fixes.^[11]

Changes

Mobs

Copper golem

• Lightning bolts now clean oxidation off copper golems.
• Now only tries to open chests that are neighboring blocks when it's a passenger.

Non-mob entities

Mannequin

• Mannequins' description text can now be configured.
• Now accept minecraft:profile component from spawner items.
  • Modified data fields:
    • profile - now has the same format as a minecraft:profile component (which has been extended to allow overrides).
      • Defaults to {} (i.e. static profile with both id and name missing).
  • New data fields:
    • pose - The pose of the mannequin.
      • Valid entries: standing, crouching, swimming, fall_flying, sleeping.
    • immovable - Optional boolean specifying that the mannequin cannot be moved (defaults to false).
    • description - Optional text component shown where a player's below_score score would show.
      • The default "NPC" (entity.minecraft.mannequin.label) text is shown if omitted.
    • hide_description - Optional boolean specifying that no description should be shown at all.
      • A mannequin with the description hidden displays as if a player had no below_score display.

Command format

General

• Server commands now run from the respawn dimension by default instead of always the Overworld.

/fetchprofile

• Now also prints a clickable text to summon a mannequin with the resolved profile.

/setworldspawn

• Is no longer limited to the Overworld.
  • This means players can respawn e.g. in the Nether when they have no bed or respawn anchor.
• It now also takes in an optional pitch argument.

/spawnpoint

• Now optionally takes in a pitch argument.

General

Data component format

• minecraft:profile
  • Profiles can now also have additional fields that can replace various values used for rendering.
  • If any of the fields are omitted, the value from the resolved profile is used, even if the profile resolved to the default skin.
  • New fields:
    • texture - Optional namespaced ID of the skin texture to use for rendering.
      • The skin is specified relative to the textures folder and with a .png suffix.
      • e.g. entity/player/wide/steve will use the default wide Steve skin.
    • cape - Optional namespaced ID of the cape texture to use for rendering.
      • When specified, uses the same format as the texture field.
    • elytra - Optional namespaced ID of the elytra texture to use for rendering.
      • When specified, uses the same format as the texture field.
      • If this value is not present either as override or in player profile, mannequins using this profile will use the cape texture, or if that is also not present, the default elytra texture when wearing elytra.
    • model - Optional model type, one of wide and slim.

Data pack

• The pack format version is now 87.1.

Entity data

• minecraft:player
  • Changes to the respawn object
    • angle has been renamed to yaw and is now a required field.
    • pitch has been added as a required field.
    • dimension is now a required field.

Loot functions

• minecraft:copy_name
  • The source field now accepts new context values:
    • direct_attacker
    • target_entity
    • interacting_entity
• minecraft:copy_components
  • The source field now accepts new context values:
    • this
    • attacker
    • direct_attacker
    • attacking_player
    • target_entity
    • interacting_entity
    • tool

Minecraft Server Management Protocol

• Notifications now use minecraft:notification/ prefix instead of notification:.

Fixes

29 issues fixed

From released versions before 1.21

• MC-160528 – End portals do not negate fall damage.
• MC-243759 – Explosions won't damage an entity if the distance to its eyes is 0.

From 1.21.8

• MC-301883 – Entities going through portals with their Motion set to more than 10 on an axis have their Motion tag reset.

From the Java Edition 1.21.9 development versions

• MC-300257 – Lightning does not reset copper golem oxidation.
• MC-300294 – Copper golems pathfind to chests incorrectly.
• MC-300687 – The copper chains and bars aren't organized correctly in the Creative inventory.
• MC-300881 – The skin preview in the skin reporting screen is no longer interactive.
• MC-301409 – Acceleration power of fireballs and wind charges gets halved when they are redirected by explosions.
• MC-301414 – Scraping oxidation off double chests doesn't produce particles on the half of the chest that wasn’t directly interacted with.
• MC-301424 – entity_data item component detection is broken in resource packs.
• MC-301541 – Copper golems no longer sort items when in minecarts.
• MC-301569 – Sounds of copper chests and all variants are too quiet and sound low-quality compared to before.
• MC-301573 – Relative teleportation across dimensions is inconsistent.
• MC-301798 – Copper golems do not open chests with specific transparent/non-full blocks above them.
• MC-301814 – CustomNameVisible does not work for mannequins (for the name, not the NPC annotation).
• MC-301815 – Mannequin data is sometimes lost when using spawn eggs.
• MC-301819 – Mannequins' name tags are visible when on a team and ridden.
• MC-301862 – When clicking a command suggestion in chat, it occasionally selects half of the new word.
• MC-301893 – When a copper golem is leashed by a player and then oxidizes into a statue, it will not drop the lead.
• MC-301951 – Misleading description for operator_user_permission_level in server management protocol documentation.

From the previous development version

• MC-301979 – Copper golems no longer properly check chests.
• MC-301984 – Teleporting a player to their own position is now jittery/frozen.
• MC-301991 – deprecated.json has some renamed keys pointing to text values instead of the new keys.
• MC-302032 – Static profiles no longer resolve texture data unless an id or name is provided.
• MC-302089 – Game crashes when flying mobs start pathfinding in debug mode.
• MC-302092 – Crash when placing iron bars next to stairs, when stairs are added to #bars tag.
• MC-302094 – Crash when adding blocks to #copper_chests then placing it next to actual copper chests.
• MC-302095 – Crash when adding blocks to #lightning_rods and summoning a lightning over it.
• MC-302096 – Crash when adding blocks to #wooden_shelves, placing it next to wooden shelf, then powering the shelf.

1.21.9 Pre-Release 2

1.21.9 Pre-Release 2 (known as 1.21.9-pre2 in the launcher) is the second pre-release for Java Edition 1.21.9, released on September 19, 2025.^[12]

Changes

Mobs

Copper golem

• The copper golem's behavior for turning into a statue has been tweaked to match Bedrock Edition.
  • Copper golems no longer need to be close to the center of an empty block position in order to turn into a statue.
  • Copper golems now have the possibility to turn into a statue as soon as they become fully oxidized.

General

Data pack

• The data pack format version is now 88.0.
  • This is due to breaking changes to /setworldspawn and /spawnpoint in the previous pre-release.

Fixes

11 issues fixed

From 1.21.8

• MC-301770 – The below_name plate is not displayed higher for players and mannequins named “deadmau5”.

From the Java Edition 1.21.9 development versions

• MC-300362 – Copper golems do not oxidize when doDaylightCycle is disabled.
• MC-301566 – Occasional sound crash on resource pack reload.
• MC-301706 – Server Management Protocol does not support parameters as object (by-name).
• MC-301963 – Copper golems cause huge lag spikes when checking chests.
• MC-302088 – Oxidized Copper Golems take an extremely long time to turn into a statue.

From the previous development version

• MC-302112 – Posed mannequins don't use the correct hitbox.
• MC-302117 – Text display billboarding is broken.
• MC-302120 – Dimension-specific world spawn point causes mob spawning in other dimensions to fail.
• MC-302148 – Copper Golem does not get close enough to search the chest, getting permanently stuck.
• MC-302164 – Breaking change to /setworldspawn and /spawnpoint in minor datapack version.

1.21.9 Pre-Release 3

1.21.9 Pre-Release 3 (known as 1.21.9-pre3 in the launcher) is the third pre-release for Java Edition 1.21.9, released on September 22, 2025,^[13] which fixes two bugs related to copper golems.

Fixes

2 issues fixed

From the Java Edition 1.21.9 development versions

• MC-301963 – Copper golems cause huge lag spikes when checking chests.
• MC-301990 – Copper golem statues cause culling issues when placed above certain blocks.

1.21.9 Pre-Release 4

1.21.9 Pre-Release 4 (known as 1.21.9-pre4 in the launcher) is the fourth and final pre-release for Java Edition 1.21.9, released on September 23, 2025.^[14]

Changes

Debug menu

• The debug options screen is now accessible using F3 + F6 instead of F3 + F5.

Fixes

7 issues fixed

From the Java Edition 1.21.9 development versions

• MC-300216 – The new F3 + F5 debug settings menu does not open on Mac keyboards.
• MC-301735 – Server Management Protocol Kick command parameter mis match.
• MC-302039 – Conduits don't have the block-breaking animation.
• MC-302119 – Shield with patterns has no enchantment glint when enchanted.
• MC-302130 – Mobs have visual glitches all over them.
• MC-302170 – Player Heads do not Glow.
• MC-302240 – Bugs on ranged weapons.

1.21.9 Release Candidate 1

1.21.9 Release Candidate 1 (known as 1.21.9-rc1 in the launcher) is the first and only release candidate for Java Edition 1.21.9, released on September 25, 2025.^[15]

Fixes

2 issues fixed

From the Java Edition 1.21.9 development versions

• MC-302243 – Creakings can spawn with the spawnMonsters game rule set to false.

From the previous development version

• MC-302278 – The texture in the middle of conduits is upside down.

Notes and references

Navigation

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Pre-Classic (2009) Version history Guide Cave Game Cave game tech test (dev) rd-132211 rd-132328 Minecraft: Order of the Stone rd-20090515 Minecraft rd-160052 rd-161348
Classic (2009) Version history Guide Private alpha mc-161607 mc-161616 mc-161625 mc-161648 0.0.2a 0.0.3a 0.0.9a 0.0.10a Early Classic 0.0.11a 0.0.12a (dev) _01 02 03* 0.0.13a (dev) _03 0.0.14a (dev) 01 03 04* 05* 06 07 08 Multiplayer Test 0.0.15a Multiplayer Test 1 (dev) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 _01 _02 _03 0.0.16a _01 _02*** 0.0.17a 0.0.18a _01 _02 0.0.19a (dev) _01 _02 _03 _04 _05 _06* 0.0.20a _01 _02 0.0.21a* _01 0.0.22a* _01 _02 _03 _04 _05 0.0.23a _01 HP Survival Test 0.24_SURVIVAL_TEST (dev) _01 _02* _03 0.25 SURVIVAL TEST #2 #3 #4 _05 0.26 SURVIVAL TEST (dev) 0.27 SURVIVAL TEST Late Classic 0.28 (dev) _01 0.29 _01 _02 0.30* Server 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4* 1.4.1 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8.1 1.8.2 1.8.3 1.9 1.9.1 1.10 1.10.1
Indev (2009–2010) Version history Guide 0.31 December 2009 23 00:40 (dev) 14:57 14:59 31 18:56 20:04 20:13 20:33 21:47 22:55 January 2010 04 21:54 22:58 06 16:55 21:58 22:20 07 18:51 19:47 20:10 09 19:39 20:00 10 11 22:07 22:10 12 08:26 19:49 13 20:15 C 22:44 14 22 17:08 22:51 24 21:19 21:34 23:10 25 28 22:00 23:04 29 14:47 14:52 21:29 21:34 21:38 21:58 22:09 23:32 30* 31 21:56** 22:41 22:44 February 2010 01 00:25 00:38 22:27 02*** 04 15:41 20:27 21:53 05 15:58 22:41 06-1437 Minecraft Indev 06 20:34 21:03 07 10:57 11:01 16:47 17:03 11 23:27 23:33 23:40 12 12:10 16:22 13 14 18 00:11 00:16 19 23
Infdev (2010) Version history Guide Minecraft Infdev Phase 1 227 14:14 (dev) 14:33 313 316 320 321 325 15:45 16:40 Phase 2 327 330 12:03 15:11 413 19:49 19:53 414 415 420 Phase 3 607 608 611 615 616 18:08 22:10 617 12:05 15:31 618 (SF1) 624 625 09:22 19:17 (SF2) 627 629 630 13:40 18:35
Alpha (2010) Version history Development versions v1.0 (Guide) v1.0.0 v1.0.1 (SF3) _01 v1.0.2 _01 _02 v1.0.3 v1.0.4 (SF4) v1.0.5* _01 v1.0.6 (SF5) _01 02 03 v1.0.7 v1.0.8 _01 v1.0.9 v1.0.10 v1.0.11 (SF6) v1.0.12 v1.0.13 _01 (1K IN 24h) v1.0.14* (SF7) v1.0.15 v1.0.16 _01 02 v1.0.17 (SF8) _01 02 03 04 v1.1 (Guide) v1.1.0** (SF9) v1.1.1 (SS1) v1.1.2 _01 Halloween Update (Guide) v1.2.0* preview v1.2.0_01 _02 v1.2.1 _01 v1.2.2** v1.2.3 _01* 02 04 05 v1.2.4 _01 v1.2.5 v1.2.6 Server 0.1.0 0.1.1* 0.1.2* _01 0.1.3 0.1.4 0.2.0 _01 0.2.1 0.2.2 _01 0.2.3 0.2.4 0.2.5* _01 02 0.2.6 _01 02 0.2.7 0.2.8
Beta (2010–2011) Version history Development versions 1.0 (Guide) 1.0 1.0_01 1.0.2* 1.1 (Guide) 1.1* 1.1_01 1.1_02 1.2 (Guide) 1.2 1.2_01 1.2_02 20110517 1.3 (Guide) 1.3** 1.3_01 Demo 1.4 (Guide) 1.4* (dev) 1.4_01 1.5 (Guide) 1.5 (dev) 1.5_01 1.5_02 1.6 (Guide) 1.6 preview Test Build 3 1.6.1 1.6.2 1.6.3 1.6.4 1.6.5 1.6.6 1.7 (Guide) 1.7 preview 1.7_01 1.7.2 1.7.3 Adventure Update: Part I (Guide) 1.8 PAX Prime preview pre* pre2* 1.8.1
Full Release (1.0–1.9) (2011–2016) Version history Development versions Adventure Update: Part II (Guide) 1.0.0* pre pre2 Beta 2 pre3** pre4* pre5 pre6 RC1 RC2** 1.0.1 1.1 (Guide) 1.1 11w47a 11w48a 11w49a 11w50a 12w01a 1.2 (Guide) 1.2.1 12w03a 12w04a 12w05a* 12w05b 12w06a 12w07a 12w07b 12w08a 1.2 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5 1.3 (Guide) 1.3.1 12w15a 12w16a 12w17a 12w18a 12w19a 12w21a 12w21b 12w22a 12w23a 12w23b 12w24a 12w25a 12w26a 12w27a 12w30a 12w30b 12w30c 12w30d 12w30e 1.3 1.3.2 Pretty Scary Update (Guide) 1.4.2 12w32a 12w34a 12w34b 12w36a 12w37a 12w38a 12w38b 12w39a 12w39b 12w40a 12w40b 12w41a 12w41b 12w42a 12w42b 1.4 1.4.1* 1.4.4 1.4.3 1.4.5 pre 1.4.6 12w49a 12w50a 12w50b pre* 1.4.7 Redstone Update (Guide) 1.5 13w01a 13w01b 13w02a* 13w02b 13w03a** 13w04a* 13w05a* 13w05b 13w06a* 13w07a 13w09a 13w09b 13w09c 13w10a 13w10b pre 1.5.1 13w11a 13w12~* pre 1.5.2 pre Horse Update (Guide) 1.6.1 13w16a*** 13w16b** 13w17a 13w18a 13w18b 13w18c 13w19a 13w21a 13w21b 13w22a* 13w23a 13w23b* 13w24a 13w24b 13w25a 13w25b 13w25c 13w26a 1.6* 1.6.2* pre** 1.6.4 1.6.3* The Update that Changed the World (Guide) 1.7.2 13w36a* 13w36b** 13w37a 13w37b 13w38a 13w38b 13w38c* 13w39a 13w39b 13w41a 13w41b* 13w42a 13w42b 13w43a 1.7* 1.7.1 1.7.4 13w47a 13w47b 13w47c 13w47d 13w47e 13w48a 13w48b 13w49a 1.7.3 pre 1.7.5 wip 1.7.6 pre1 pre2 1.7.7* 1.7.8 1.7.9 1.7.10 pre1 pre2* pre3 pre4 Bountiful Update (Guide) 1.8 14w02a 14w02b 14w02c 14w03a 14w03b 14w04a* 14w04b* 14w05a 14w05b 14w06a 14w06b 14w07a 14w08a 14w10a 14w10b 14w10c* 14w11a 14w11b* 14w17a 14w18a 14w18b 14w19a 14w20a 14w20b 14w21a 14w21b 14w25a 14w25b 14w26a 14w26b 14w26c 14w27a 14w27b* 14w28a 14w28b 14w29a 14w29b 14w30a 14w30b 14w30c 14w31a 14w32a 14w32b 14w32c 14w32d 14w33a 14w33b 14w33c 14w34a 14w34b 14w34c* 14w34d pre1 pre2 pre3 1.8.1 pre1 pre2 pre3 pre4 pre5 1.8.2 pre1 pre2 pre3 pre4 pre5 pre6 pre7 1.8.3 1.8.4 1.8.5 1.8.6 1.8.7 1.8.8 1.8.9 Combat Update (Guide) 1.9 15w31a 15w31b 15w31c 15w32a 15w32b 15w32c 15w33a 15w33b 15w33c 15w34a 15w34b 15w34c 15w34d 15w35a 15w35b 15w35c 15w35d 15w35e 15w36a 15w36b 15w36c 15w36d 15w37a 15w38a 15w38b 15w39a 15w39b 15w39c 15w40a 15w40b 15w41a 15w41b 15w42a 15w43a 15w43b 15w43c 15w44a 15w44b 15w45a 15w46a 15w47a 15w47b 15w47c 15w49a 15w49b 15w50a 15w51a 15w51b 16w02a 16w03a 16w04a 16w05a 16w05b 16w06a 16w07a 16w07b pre1 pre2 pre3 pre4 1.9.1 pre1 pre2 pre3 1.9.2 1.9.3 16w14a 16w15a 16w15b pre1 pre2 pre3 1.9.4
Full Release (1.10–1.19) (2016–2023) Version history Development versions Frostburn Update (Guide) 1.10 16w20a 16w21a 16w21b pre1 pre2 1.10.1 1.10.2 Exploration Update (Guide) 1.11 16w32a 16w32b 16w33a 16w35a 16w36a 16w38a 16w39a 16w39b 16w39c 16w40a 16w41a 16w42a 16w43a 16w44a pre1 1.11.1 16w50a pre 1.11.2 World of Color Update (Guide) 1.12 17w06a 17w13a* 17w13b 17w14a 17w15a 17w16a 17w16b 17w17a 17w17b 17w18a* 17w18b pre1 pre2 pre3* pre4 pre5 pre6 pre7 1.12.1 17w31a pre1 1.12.2 pre1 pre2 Update Aquatic (Guide) 1.13 17w43a 17w43b 17w45a 17w45b 17w46a 17w47a 17w47b 17w48a 17w49a 17w49b 17w50a 18w01a 18w02a 18w03a 18w03b 18w05a 18w06a 18w07a 18w07b 18w07c 18w08a 18w08b 18w09a 18w10a 18w10b 18w10c 18w10d 18w11a 18w14a 18w14b 18w15a 18w16a 18w19a 18w19b 18w20a 18w20b 18w20c 18w21a 18w21b 18w22a 18w22b 18w22c pre1 pre2 pre3 pre4 pre5 pre6 pre7 pre8 pre9 pre10 1.13.1 18w30a 18w30b 18w31a 18w32a 18w33a pre1 pre2 1.13.2 pre1 pre2 Village & Pillage & Texture Update (Guide) 1.14 18w43a 18w43b 18w43c 18w44a 18w45a 18w46a 18w47a 18w47b 18w48a 18w48b 18w49a 18w50a 19w02a 19w03a 19w03b 19w03c 19w04a 19w04b 19w05a 19w06a 19w07a 19w08a 19w08b 19w09a 19w11a 19w11b 19w12a 19w12b 19w13a 19w13b* 19w14a 19w14b pre1 pre2 pre3 pre4 pre5 1.14.1 pre1 pre2 1.14.2 pre1 pre2 pre3 pre4* 1.14.3 pre1 pre2 pre3 pre4 1.14.4 pre1 pre2 pre3 pre4 pre5 pre6 pre7 Buzzy Bees (Guide) 1.15 19w34a 19w35a 19w36a 19w37a 19w38a 19w38b 19w39a 19w40a 19w41a 19w42a 19w44a 19w45a 19w45b 19w46a 19w46b pre1 pre2 pre3 pre4 pre5 pre6 pre7 1.15.1 pre1 1.15.2 pre1 pre2 Nether Update (Guide) 1.16* 20w06a 20w07a 20w08a 20w09a 20w10a 20w11a 20w12a 20w13a 20w13b 20w14a 20w15a 20w16a 20w17a 20w18a 20w19a 20w20a 20w20b 20w21a 20w22a pre1 pre2 pre3 pre4 pre5 pre6 pre7 pre8 rc1 1.16.1 1.16.2 20w27a 20w28a 20w29a 20w30a pre1 pre2 pre3 rc1 rc2 1.16.3 rc1 1.16.4 pre1 pre2 rc1 1.16.5 pre1 rc1 Caves & Cliffs: Part I (Guide) 1.17 20w45a 20w46a 20w48a 20w49a 20w51a 21w03a 21w05a 21w05b 21w06a 21w07a 21w08a 21w08b 21w10a 21w11a 21w13a 21w14a 21w15a 21w16a 21w17a 21w18a 21w19a 21w20a pre1 pre2 pre3 pre4 pre5 rc1 rc2 1.17.1 pre1 pre2 pre3 rc1 rc2 Caves & Cliffs: Part II (Guide) 1.18 Experimental 1 2 3 4 5 6 8f847b11fb2 7 21w37a 21w38a 21w39a 21w40a 21w41a 21w42a 21w43a 21w44a pre1 pre2 pre3 pre4 pre5 pre6 pre7 pre8 rc1 rc2 rc3 rc4 1.18.1 pre1 rc1 rc2 rc3 1.18.2 22w03a 22w05a 22w06a 22w07a pre1 pre2 pre3 rc1 The Wild Update (Guide) 1.19 Experimental 1 22w11a 22w12a 22w13a 22w14a 22w15a 22w16a 22w16b 22w17a 22w18a 22w19a pre1 pre2 pre3 pre4 pre5 rc1 rc2 1.19.1 22w24a pre1 rc1 pre2 pre3 pre4 pre5 pre6 rc2 rc3 1.19.2 rc1 rc2 1.19.3 22w42a 22w43a 22w44a 22w45a 22w46a pre1 pre2 pre3 rc1 rc2 rc3 1.19.4 23w03a 23w04a 23w05a 23w06a 23w07a pre1 pre2 pre3 pre4 rc1 rc2 rc3
Full Release (1.20–present) (2023–present) Version history Development versions Trails & Tales (Guide) 1.20 23w12a 23w13a 23w14a 23w16a 23w17a 23w18a pre1 pre2 pre3 pre4 pre5 pre6 pre7 rc1 1.20.1 rc1 1.20.2 23w31a 23w32a 23w33a 23w35a pre1 pre2 pre3 pre4 rc1 rc2 Bats and Pots (Guide) 1.20.3 23w40a 23w41a 23w42a 23w43a 23w43b 23w44a 23w45a 23w46a pre1 pre2 pre3 pre4 rc1 1.20.4 rc1 Armored Paws (Guide) 1.20.5 23w51a 23w51b 24w03a 24w03b 24w04a 24w05a 24w05b 24w06a 24w07a 24w09a 24w10a 24w11a 24w12a 24w13a 24w14a pre1 pre2 pre3 pre4 rc1 rc2 rc3 1.20.6 rc1 Tricky Trials (Guide) 1.21 24w18a 24w19a 24w19b 24w20a 24w21a 24w21b pre1 pre2 pre3 pre4 rc1 1.21.1 rc1 Bundles of Bravery (Guide) 1.21.2 24w33a 24w34a 24w35a 24w36a 24w37a 24w38a 24w39a 24w40a pre1 pre2 pre3 pre4 pre5 rc1 rc2 1.21.3 The Garden Awakens (Guide) 1.21.4 24w44a 24w45a 24w46a pre1 pre2 pre3 rc1 rc2 rc3 Spring to Life (Guide) 1.21.5 25w02a 25w03a 25w04a 25w05a 25w06a 25w07a 25w08a 25w09a 25w09b 25w10a pre1 pre2 pre3 rc1 rc2 Chase the Skies (Guide) 1.21.6 25w15a 25w16a 25w17a 25w18a 25w19a 25w20a 25w21a pre1 pre2 pre3 pre4 rc1 1.21.7 rc1 rc2 1.21.8 rc1 The Copper Age (Guide) 1.21.9 25w31a 25w32a 25w33a 25w34a 25w34b 25w35a 25w36a 25w36b 25w37a pre1 pre2 pre3 pre4 rc1 1.21.10 rc1 Mounts of Mayhem (Guide) 1.21.11[unofficial name] 25w41a 25w42a 25w43a 25w44a 25w45a * indicates a reupload