начѧти

Old Church Slavonic

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *načęti.

Verb

начѧти • (načęti) pf

  1. to begin
    • from Vita Methodii, 0501200-0501210:
      начатъ же пакꙑ съ покоръмь повиноуѧ сѧ слоужити философоу и оучити съ нимь.
      načatŭ že paky sŭ pokorŭmĭ povinuję sę služiti filosofu i učiti sŭ nimĭ.
      Once again he began to serve the philosopher in humble obedience, and to teach with him.
    • from the Homily against the Bogumils, lines 98-99:
      мьнѣ же наченъшоу обличати словеса ихъ и вещи
      mĭně že načenŭšu obličati slovesa ixŭ i vešti
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Conjugation

Conjugation of начѧти (class IA1, transitive)
infinitive supine verbal noun
начѧти
načęti 		начѧтъ
načętŭ 		начѧтьѥ
načętĭje
participles1 present past
active начьнꙑ
načĭny 		начьнъ
načĭnŭ
passive начьномъ
načĭnomŭ 		начѧтъ
načętŭ
l-participle masculine neuter feminine
singular начѧлъ
načęlŭ 		начѧло
načęlo 		начѧла
načęla
dual начѧла
načęla 		начѧлѣ
načęlě 		начѧлѣ
načęlě
plural начѧли
načęli 		начѧла
načęla 		начѧлꙑ
načęly
present imperfect imperative
singular 1st начьнѫ
načĭnǫ 		начьнѣахъ
načĭněaxŭ 		—
2nd начьнеши
načĭneši 		начьнѣаше
načĭněaše 		начьни
načĭni
3rd начьнетъ
načĭnetŭ 		начьнѣаше
načĭněaše 		начьни
načĭni
dual 1st начьневѣ
načĭnevě 		начьнѣаховѣ
načĭněaxově 		начьнѣве
načĭněve
2nd начьнета
načĭneta 		начьнѣашета
načĭněašeta 		начьнѣта
načĭněta
3rd начьнете, начьнета
načĭnete, načĭneta 		начьнѣашете, начьнѣашета
načĭněašete, načĭněašeta 		—
plural 1st начьнемъ
načĭnemŭ 		начьнѣахомъ
načĭněaxomŭ 		начьнѣмъ
načĭněmŭ
2nd начьнете
načĭnete 		начьнѣашете
načĭněašete 		начьнѣте
načĭněte
3rd начьнѫтъ
načĭnǫtŭ 		начьнѣахѫ
načĭněaxǫ 		—
s-aorist5
singular 1st начѧхъ, начѧсъ
načęxŭ, načęsŭ
2nd начѧ, начѧтъ
načę, načętŭ
3rd начѧ, начѧтъ
načę, načętŭ
dual 1st начѧховѣ, начѧсовѣ
načęxově, načęsově
2nd начѧста
načęsta
3rd начѧсте, начѧста
načęste, načęsta
plural 1st начѧхомъ, начѧсомъ
načęxomŭ, načęsomŭ
2nd начѧсте
načęste
3rd начѧшѧ, начѧсѧ
načęšę, načęsę
compound tenses
perfect2 Use the l-participle of начѧти and the present tense of the auxiliary verb бꙑти
e.g. first-person masculine singular → начѧлъ ѥсмь
pluperfect2 Use the l-participle of начѧти and the imperfective aorist or imperfect tense of the auxiliary verb бꙑти
e.g. first-person masculine singular → начѧлъ бѣхъ or начѧлъ бѣахъ
future Use the infinitive of начѧти and the present tense of the auxiliary verb имѣти, хотѣти, начѧти or въчѧти
e.g. first-person singular → имамь начѧти, хощѫ начѧти, начьнѫ начѧти or въчьнѫ начѧти
future perfect2, 3 Use the l-participle of начѧти and the future tense of the auxiliary verb бꙑти
e.g. first-person masculine singular → начѧлъ бѫдѫ
conditional2 Use the l-participle of начѧти and the conditional mood4 or perfective aorist tense of the auxiliary verb бꙑти
e.g. first-person masculine singular → начѧлъ бимь or начѧлъ бꙑхъ

1 For declension of participles, see their entries.
2 Except first/second-person neuter.
3 Attested only in a few instances.
4 The dual forms are unattested.
5 Also called a sigmatic aorist.
This table shows the normalized inflected forms of начѧти. Some forms may be based on conjecture. See also Old Church Slavonic grammar § Verbs on WikipediaWikipedia .

Derived terms

  • въчѧти (vŭčęti)
  • зачѧти (začęti)
  • зачѧтиѥ (začętije)
  • оучѧти (učęti)
  • чѧдо (čędo)

Further reading

Old East Slavic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *načęti. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic начѧти (načęti).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /nɑˈt͡ɕɛ̃ti/→/naˈt͡ɕatʲi/→/naˈt͡ɕatʲi/
  • (ca. 9th CE) IPA(key): /nɑˈt͡ɕɛ̃ti/
  • (ca. 11th CE) IPA(key): /naˈt͡ɕatʲi/
  • (ca. 13th CE) IPA(key): /naˈt͡ɕatʲi/

  • Hyphenation: на‧чѧ‧ти

Verb

начѧти (načęti) pf (imperfective начинати)

  1. (transitive) to begin
  2. (auxiliary) to start; to begin
    • c. 1425, Hypatian Codex‎[1], page 7:
      Первѣе начѧста кнѧжити в кие҆вѣ дирдъ и҆ а҆скол҆дъ о҆́динокнѧженїе҆.
      Pervěje načęsta knęžiti v kijevě dirdŭ i askoldŭ ódinoknęženije.
      First of all Dird and Askold started reigning in Kiev in a joint reign.

Conjugation

Conjugation of начѧти (type I verb)
Singular Dual Plural
Present 1st начьнѫ
načĭnǫ 		начьневѣ
načĭnevě 		начьнемъ
načĭnemŭ
2nd начьнеши
načĭneši 		начьнета
načĭneta 		начьнете
načĭnete
3rd начьнеть
načĭnetĭ 		начьнета
načĭneta 		начьнѫть
načĭnǫtĭ
Aorist 1st начѧхъ
načęxŭ 		начѧховѣ
načęxově 		начѧхомъ
načęxomŭ
2nd начѧ
načę 		начѧста
načęsta 		начѧсте
načęste
3rd начѧ
načę 		начѧста
načęsta 		начѧша
načęša
Imperfect 1st начьнѧхъ
načĭnęxŭ 		начьнѧховѣ
načĭnęxově 		начьнѧхомъ
načĭnęxomŭ
2nd начьнѧше
načĭnęše 		начьнѧста
načĭnęsta 		начьнѧсте
načĭnęste
3rd начьнѧше
načĭnęše 		начьнѧста
načĭnęsta 		начьнѧхѫ, начьнѧхѫть
načĭnęxǫ, načĭnęxǫtĭ
Imperative начьни
načĭni 		начьнѣта
načĭněta 		начьнѣте
načĭněte
Cohortative —
— 		начьнѣвѣ
načĭněvě 		начьнѣмъ
načĭněmŭ
Present Active Participle Present Passive Participle Past Active Participle Past Passive Participle
начьна
načĭna 		начьномъ
načĭnomŭ 		начьнъ
načĭnŭ 		начьненъ
načĭnenŭ
L-Participle Infinitive Supine
начьнлъ
načĭnlŭ 		начѧти
načęti 		начѧтъ
načętŭ

Descendants

  • Old Ruthenian: нача́ти (načáti)
    • Belarusian: нача́ць (načácʹ)
    • Ukrainian: нача́ти (načáty)
  • Russian: нача́ть (načátʹ)

References

  • Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1902), “начати”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎[2] (in Russian), volume 2 (Л – П), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 349
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