Cervicography
| Cervicography | |
|---|---|
| Purpose | Test for cervical cancer (screening) |
Cervicography is a diagnostic medical procedure in which a non-physician takes pictures of the cervix and submits them to a physician for interpretation. Other related procedures are speculoscopy and colposcopy. The procedure is considered a screening test for cervical cancer and is complementary to Pap smear. The technique was initially developed by Adolf Stafl, MD, of Medical College of Wisconsin in 1981.[1]
Unlike colposcopy, cervicography does not have a current CPT/HCPCS code and typically is not covered by most medical insurance companies. (Cervicography was given a Category III CPT code of 0003T, but this was discontinued in 2006.[2])
Cervicography is no more sensitive than Pap smear screening, and has a higher false positive rate (thus increasing the number of colposcopies needed).[3][4]
Whether cervicography could have a role in countries where Pap smear screening programs are not in place depends on cost effectiveness and remained to be determined as of 1998.[4] A 2005 study found the sensitivity and specificity of cervicography for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia to be 72.3% and 93.2% respectively;[5] however, a 2007 study criticized the sensitivity figure as "likely... inflated" because the "gold standard" of colposcopy/biopsy may have missed cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.[6]
References
- ↑ Stafl A (April 1981). "Cervicography: a new method for cervical cancer detection". Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 139: 815–25. PMID 7211987.
- ↑ "Cervicography". Archived from the original on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ↑ Nuovo J, Melnikow J, Hutchison B, Paliescheskey M (1997). "Is cervicography a useful diagnostic test? A systematic overview of the literature". J Am Board Fam Pract. 10: 390–7. PMID 9407479.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - 1 2 van Niekerk WA, Dunton CJ, Richart RM; et al. (1998). "Colposcopy, cervicography, speculoscopy and endoscopy. International Academy of Cytology Task Force summary. Diagnostic Cytology Towards the 21st Century: An International Expert Conference and Tutorial". Acta Cytol. 42: 33–49. PMID 9479322.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ De Vuyst H, Claeys P, Njiru S, Muchiri L, Steyaert S, De Sutter P, Van Marck E, Bwayo J, Temmerman M (May 2005). "Comparison of pap smear, visual inspection with acetic acid, human papillomavirus DNA-PCR testing and cervicography". Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 89 (2): 120–6. doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2005.01.035. PMID 15847874.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ Pretorius RG, Bao YP, Belinson JL, Burchette RJ, Smith JS, Qiao YL (Nov 2007). "Inappropriate gold standard bias in cervical cancer screening studies" (PDF). Int J Cancer. 121 (10): 2218–24. doi:10.1002/ijc.22991. PMID 17657715.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)