sam

Clipping of English Samaritan.

sam

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Samaritan Aramaic.

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Samaritan Aramaic terms

From Middle English sammen, samnen, from Old English samnian, ġesamnian (“to collect, assemble, bring together, gather, join, unite, compose, meet, glean”), from Proto-West Germanic *samnōn, from Proto-Germanic *samnōną (“to gather”), from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“one”). Cognate with Dutch zamelen (“to collect”), German sammeln (“to collect, gather”), Swedish samla (“to gather, collect”), Icelandic samna (“to gather, collect”). More at same.

• samen

• IPA^(key): /sæm/
• Rhymes: -æm
• Homophone: Sam (Received Pronunciation, US)

sam (third-person singular simple present sams, present participle samming, simple past and past participle sammed)

1. (transitive, UK dialectal) To assemble.
2. (transitive, UK dialectal, of persons) To bring together; join (in marriage, friendship, love, etc.).
3. (transitive, UK dialectal, of things) To bring together; collect; put in order; arrange.
   • 1905, Keighley Snowden, Princess Joyce:

     I sammed it up for ye

4. (intransitive, UK dialectal) To assemble; come together.
5. (transitive, UK dialectal) To coagulate; curdle (milk).

• Often used with together or up

• stand sam
• upon my sam

From Middle English sām (“together”), from Old English samen (“together”), from Proto-West Germanic *saman, from Proto-Germanic *samanai (“together”), from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”).

sam (not comparable)

1. (obsolete) Together
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “(please specify the book)”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

     Now are they saints all in that city sam.

   • a. 1600, The Battle of Floddon Field‎^[1]:

     All Sam the souldiers then replied.

From Middle English sam- (prefix), from Old English sam-, from Proto-Germanic *sēmi- (“half”), from Proto-Indo-European *sēmi- (“half”). Related to semi- (via Latin).

• IPA^(key): /sæm/
• Rhymes: -æm
• Homophone: Sam (Received Pronunciation, US)

sam (not comparable)

1. (dialectal) Half or imperfectly done.
2. (of food) Half-heated.

• sammy
• sandblind

Possibly from Uncle Sam.

• IPA^(key): /sæm/
• Rhymes: -æm
• Homophone: Sam (Received Pronunciation, US)

sam (plural sams)

1. (slang) Federal narcotics agent.

• 'ams, Mas, mas, MSA, -mas, ASM, AMS, M.A.S., MAs, sma, M.A.s, SMA, M. A. S., MAS, A.M.s, asm

• IPA^(key): /sʰam/

From Proto-Bodo-Garo *sam¹ (“grass”). Related to Garo samsi, Garo sam.

sam (Bengali script সাম)

1. grass; weed
2. medicine

sam- (Bengali script সাম)

1. to wait

sam- (Bengali script সাম)

1. used with any bilateral body part, hands, eyes, etc. and also tires

• van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.

sam

1. two

• El último charrúa: de Salsipuedes a la actualidad (1996)
• Idioma español y habla criolla: Charrúas y vilelas (1968)
• Čestmír Loukotka, ‎Johannes Wilbert (editor), Classification of South American Indian Languages (1968, Los Angeles: Latin American Studies Center, University of California), page(s) 62

sam

1. father

• IPA^(key): /sam/

From Proto-Bodo-Garo *sam¹ (“grass”). Related to Atong (India) sam.

sam

1. grass; herb
2. medicine
3. curry

sam

1. used with any bilateral body part, hands, eyes, etc.

• Burling, R. (2003), The Language of the Modhupur Mandi (Garo) Vol. II: The Lexicon‎^[2], Bangladesh: University of Michigan, page 275

For pronunciation and definitions of sam – see 三 (“three; the other woman; the other man; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 三).

For pronunciation and definitions of sam – see 衫 (“unlined garment; T-shirt; shirt; top; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 衫).

For pronunciation and definitions of sam – see 舢. (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 舢).

For pronunciation and definitions of sam – see 參 (“Three Stars mansion; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 參).

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kV-sum (“three”). Cognate with Burmese သုံး (sum:, “three”).

sam

1. three

• Dr. Ola Hanson, A Dictionary of the Kachin Language (1906).

From Proto-Finnic *samo. Cognate with Estonian samm.

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɑˀm/, [ˈsɑˀm]

sa’m

1. step, pace

• Tiit-Rein Viitso; Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), “sa’m”, in Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary]‎^[3] (in Estonian and Latvian), Tartu, Rīga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra

sam

1. alternative form of sâm

From Arabic صامَ (ṣāma).

• IPA^(key): /saːm/
• Rhymes: -aːm

sam (imperfect jsum, active participle sajjem, verbal noun sawm)

1. to fast

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *sham, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(t)sam.

sam

1. hair (of the head)
2. antenna (of insects)

sam

1. easy, simple

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *sham, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(t)sam.

sam

1. hair (of the head)

• Matu (Chin) Dictionary by Ropna Saruum, Matupi 2007

sam

1. whether, or

• Joseph Bosworth; T. Northcote Toller (1898), “sam”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, second edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

From Proto-Celtic *samos (“summer”) (compare Welsh haf), from Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-h₂-ó- (compare Old English sumor, Old Armenian ամառն (amaṙn)).

• IPA^(key): /ˈsaβ̃/

sam m (genitive unattested, no plural)

1. summer

• samrad

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 sam”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

sam

1. second-person singular imperative of sama

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *samъ. First attested in the 14th century.

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /saːm/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /sɒm/

sam

1. alone, by oneself, without company
2. myself, yourself, himself, etc. (emphatic determiner, used similarly to "no other than" or "the very", as in "I myself")
3. The meaning of this term is uncertain.

• Polish: sam
• Silesian: sōm

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sěmo. First attested in the 14th century.

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /sam/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /sam/

sam

1. here; hither

• Polish: siam
• Silesian: sam

• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “1. sam”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “2. sam”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key): /sam/

sam (Perso-Arabic spelling سم)

1. equally

• Henrik Liljegren; Naseem Haider (2011), “sam”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎^[4], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -am
• Syllabification: sam

Inherited from Old Polish sam.

sam (not generally comparable, comparative bardziej sam, superlative najbardziej sam, no derived adverb)

1. alone (oneself without company)
2. alone (oneself without help)

sam (not generally comparable, comparative bardziej sam, superlative najbardziej sam)

1. alone, by oneself, without company

   Synonyms: osobno, samodzielnie

2. (Middle Polish or dialectal, Central Greater Poland, Kuyavia) here (at this place)

   Alternative forms: (dialectal) sa, (dialectal) samoj

   Synonyms: tu, tutaj

sam

1. emphatic determiner, used similarly to "no other than" or "the very", as in "I myself"; oneself

   Przygotowując intrygę przeciwko szefowi, pani Magdalena kazała swojej córce ubrać się skromnie, a sama założyła sukienkę z głębokim dekoltem.

   Preparing the intrigue against the boss, Ms. Magdalena told her daughter to dress modestly, while she herself put on a dress with a deep neckline.

   Poszedł do samego końca.

   He went to the very end.

2. by oneself, alone (by one's own volition or power, without outside help or encouragement)

• samuj (Eastern Lublin, Krynice and Kryniczki)

Clipping of sklep samoobsługowy.

• SAM

sam m inan

1. (colloquial) self-service shop

   Synonym: sklep samoobsługowy

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), sam is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 159 times in scientific texts, 70 times in news, 120 times in essays, 231 times in fiction, and 302 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 882 times, making it the 48th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.^[1]

• sam in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• sam in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• “SAM_I”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 22 February 2023
• “SAM_II”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 22 February 2023
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “sam”, in Słownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “sam”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “sam”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 11
• sam in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
• Stanisław Ciszewski (1916), “sam”, in “Przyczynek do słownika gwary wielkopolskiej”, in Prace Filologiczne (in Polish), volume 8, z. 1, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, page 98
• Władysław Matlakowski (1892), “sam”, in Słownik wyrazów ludowych zebranych w Czerskiem i na Kujawach (in Polish), Kraków: nakł. Akademii Umiejętności; Drukarnia Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego pod zarządem A. M. Kosterkiewicza, page 16

• 𐴏𐴝𐴔 (sam) — Hanifi spelling

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

sam (Hanifi spelling 𐴏𐴝𐴔)

1. skin

   Synonym: samra

sam

1. first-person plural present indicative of si

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *samъ, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós.

sȃm (Cyrillic spelling са̑м, definite sȃmī)

1. alone, sole
2. unaided, single-handed
3. absolute, very, mere, unmixed
4. solitary, secluded

• sȃm

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *(j)esmь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *esmi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi.

sȁm (Cyrillic spelling са̏м)

1. first-person singular present tense enclitic form of biti.

   Tu sam. — I'm here.

Inherited from Old Polish sam.

• IPA^(key): /ˈsam/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -am
• Syllabification: sam

sam

1. here

   Synonym: tukej

2. hither

• sam in silling.org

From Proto-Slavic *samъ, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós.

• IPA^(key): /sáːm/

sȃm (not comparable)

1. alone, sole
2. unaided, single-handed, by oneself

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Hard
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nom. sing.	sám	sáma	sámo
singular
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	sám ind sámi def	sáma	sámo
genitive	sámega	sáme	sámega
dative	sámemu	sámi	sámemu
accusative	nominativeinan or genitiveanim	sámo	sámo
locative	sámem	sámi	sámem
instrumental	sámim	sámo	sámim
dual
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	sáma	sámi	sámi
genitive	sámih	sámih	sámih
dative	sámima	sámima	sámima
accusative	sáma	sámi	sámi
locative	sámih	sámih	sámih
instrumental	sámima	sámima	sámima
plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	sámi	sáme	sáma
genitive	sámih	sámih	sámih
dative	sámim	sámim	sámim
accusative	sáme	sáme	sáma
locative	sámih	sámih	sámih
instrumental	sámimi	sámimi	sámimi

• “sam”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
• “sam”, in Termania, Amebis
• See also the general references

• IPA^(key): /sam/

sam

1. past indicative of simma

• mas

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [saːm˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʂaːm˧˧] ~ [saːm˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʂaːm˧˧] ~ [saːm˧˧]

Highly unlikely due to irregular sound change. Possibly from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₁aam (“crab”) (Norman & Mei, 1976; mistakenly glossed as "king crab"). However, Shorto (2006) includes no such derivation. Compare Vietnamese đam (“field crab”) and Lingao sam¹ (“horseshoe crab”).

(classifier con) sam • (杉, 衫, 𧏰, 𧓰, 𪓫)

1. a horseshoe crab

   đuôi sam ― a horseshoe crab's tail; a braid/plait

• so

(classifier cây) sam • (蔘)

1. common purslane (Portulaca oleracea)

   Synonym: rau sam

• samm

• IPA^(key): [sam]

sam

1. zooming
2. (of food) stinging, biting

• Cáceres, Natalia (2011), “samm”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎^[5], Lyon, page 166

Zhuang cardinal numbers

<  2	3	4  >
Cardinal : sam

From Proto-Tai *saːm (“three”), from Middle Chinese 三 (MC sam, “three”). Cognate with Thai สาม (sǎam), Northern Thai ᩈᩣ᩠ᨾ, Lao ສາມ (sām), Lü ᦉᦱᧄ (ṡaam), Tai Dam ꪎꪱꪣ, Shan သၢမ် (sǎam), Tai Nüa ᥔᥣᥛᥴ (sáam), Ahom 𑜏𑜪 (saṃ), Bouyei saaml.

• (Standard Zhuang) IPA^(key): /θaːm˨˦/
• Tone numbers: sam¹
• Hyphenation: sam

sam (1957–1982 spelling sam)

1. three