iuvo

Latin

Etymology

  • From older Latin iuvere (> iuvāre), apparently a simple thematic verb, to which iuvāre may originally be an iterative. Maybe cognate with Hittite [Term?] (/⁠iyauwatta⁠/, “to be healed, recover”) (middle voice, meaning developed from "to help oneself"), in which case it is reconstructable as Proto-Indo-European *h₁i-h₁éwH-ti (“to help”), from root Proto-Indo-European *h₁ewH-.[1][2]

    Pronunciation

    Verb

    iuvō (present infinitive iuvāre, perfect active iūvī, supine iūtum); first conjugation

    1. to help, aid
      Synonyms: adiūtō, adiuvō, foveō, assistō, succurrō, sublevō, prōficiō, prōsum, adsum
      Antonym: officiō
      audaces fortuna iuvat ― Fortune favours the brave (Virgil, Aeneid)
    2. to delight, gratify, please
      Synonyms: permulceō, dēlectō, fruor, congrātulor, exhilarō
      Quamvis non rectum quod iuvat rectum putes ― It may not be right but if it pays think it so (Publilius Syrus)

    Conjugation

       Conjugation of iuvō (first conjugation)
    indicative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present iuvō iuvās iuvat iuvāmus iuvātis iuvant
    imperfect iuvābam iuvābās iuvābat iuvābāmus iuvābātis iuvābant
    future iuvābō iuvābis iuvābit iuvābimus iuvābitis iuvābunt
    perfect iūvī iūvistī iūvit iūvimus iūvistis iūvērunt,
    iūvēre
    pluperfect iūveram iūverās iūverat iūverāmus iūverātis iūverant
    future perfect iūverō iūveris iūverit iūverimus iūveritis iūverint
    passive present iuvor iuvāris,
    iuvāre     		iuvātur iuvāmur iuvāminī iuvantur
    imperfect iuvābar iuvābāris,
    iuvābāre     		iuvābātur iuvābāmur iuvābāminī iuvābantur
    future iuvābor iuvāberis,
    iuvābere     		iuvābitur iuvābimur iuvābiminī iuvābuntur
    perfect iūtus + present active indicative of sum
    pluperfect iūtus + imperfect active indicative of sum
    future perfect iūtus + future active indicative of sum
    subjunctive singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present iuvem iuvēs iuvet iuvēmus iuvētis iuvent
    imperfect iuvārem iuvārēs iuvāret iuvārēmus iuvārētis iuvārent
    perfect iūverim iūverīs iūverit iūverīmus iūverītis iūverint
    pluperfect iūvissem iūvissēs iūvisset iūvissēmus iūvissētis iūvissent
    passive present iuver iuvēris,
    iuvēre     		iuvētur iuvēmur iuvēminī iuventur
    imperfect iuvārer iuvārēris,
    iuvārēre     		iuvārētur iuvārēmur iuvārēminī iuvārentur
    perfect iūtus + present active subjunctive of sum
    pluperfect iūtus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
    imperative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present — iuvā — — iuvāte —
    future — iuvātō iuvātō — iuvātōte iuvantō
    passive present — iuvāre — — iuvāminī —
    future — iuvātor iuvātor — — iuvantor
    non-finite forms infinitive participle
    active passive active passive
    present iuvāre iuvārī iuvāns —
    future iūtūrum esse iūtum īrī iūtūrus iuvandus
    perfect iūvisse iūtum esse — iūtus
    future perfect — iūtum fore — —
    perfect potential iūtūrum fuisse — — —
    verbal nouns gerund supine
    genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
    iuvandī iuvandō iuvandum iuvandō iūtum iūtū

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    • Insular Romance:
      • Sardinian: juare, zuare, zubare
    • Italo-Dalmatian:
    • Rhaeto-Romance:
    • Gallo-Romance:
      • Old Occitan: juva (only in the 8th c. phrase "tu lo juva", "bless him")

    References

    1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “iuvō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
    2. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 243-44

    Further reading

    • “juvo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “iuvo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • “iuvo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
    • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
      • to give a person the advantage of one's advice (and actual support): aliquem consilio (et re) iuvare
    • Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
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