Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/stengʷō
Proto-Italic
Etymology
This verb is traditionally reconstructed as *stingō and derived from a root *steyg- (“to stick, sting”). The labiovelar in this word in Latin would have to be analogical to other verbs with a labiovelar like unguō and ninguit.[1] De Vaan derives this from Proto-Indo-European *sténgʷeti,[2] from Proto-Indo-European *stengʷ- (“to push”), relating this to Proto-Germanic *stinkwaną.[3][4]
Verb
*stengʷō
- to push
Conjugation
| Inflection of *stengʷō (third conjugation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Present | *stengʷō | |
| Perfect | — | |
| Aorist | — | |
| Past participle | — | |
| Present indicative | Active | Passive |
| 1st sing. | *stengʷō | *stengʷōr |
| 2nd sing. | *stengʷes | *stengʷezo |
| 3rd sing. | *stengʷet | *stengʷetor |
| 1st plur. | *stengʷomos | *stengʷomor |
| 2nd plur. | *stengʷetes | *stengʷem(e?)n(ai?) |
| 3rd plur. | *stengʷont | *stengʷontor |
| Present subjunctive | Active | Passive |
| 1st sing. | *stengʷām | *stengʷār |
| 2nd sing. | *stengʷās | *stengʷāzo |
| 3rd sing. | *stengʷād | *stengʷātor |
| 1st plur. | *stengʷāmos | *stengʷāmor |
| 2nd plur. | *stengʷātes | *stengʷām(e?)n(ai?) |
| 3rd plur. | *stengʷānd | *stengʷāntor |
| Perfect indicative | Active | |
| 1st sing. | — | |
| 2nd sing. | — | |
| 3rd sing. | — | |
| 1st plur. | — | |
| 2nd plur. | — | |
| 3rd plur. | — | |
| Aorist indicative | Active | |
| 1st sing. | — | |
| 2nd sing. | — | |
| 3rd sing. | — | |
| 1st plur. | — | |
| 2nd plur. | — | |
| 3rd plur. | — | |
| Present imperative | Active | Passive |
| 2nd sing. | *stengʷe | *stengʷezo |
| 2nd plur. | *stengʷete | — |
| Future imperative | Active | |
| 2nd + 3rd sing. | *stengʷetōd | |
| Participles | Present | Past |
| *stengʷents | — | |
| Verbal nouns | tu-derivative | s-derivative |
| — | *stengʷezi | |
Derived terms
Descendants
- Latin: stinguō (see there for further descendants)
References
- ^ Untermann, Jürgen (2000), “U. anstintu”, in Wörterbuch des Oskisch-Umbrischen [Dictionary of Oscan-Umbrian] (Handbuch der italischen Dialekte; 3), Heidelberg: Winter, →ISBN, page 106
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 596
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “stinguō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 588
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 481