Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/hwatā́wniH

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From *hwatā́wā ~ *hwatāwnás +‎ *-iH.

Noun

*hwatā́wniH f^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

queen, lady, consort

Descendants

Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian: *xʷatāwnī
  - Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *xʷatūni, *xʷatūnya
    - Proto-Saka: *xʷatunä, *xʷatuña
      - >? Khotanese: *hvatunä, *hvatuña^[4]
        → Sogdian: 𐼶𐼰𐽂𐼴𐼻 (xʾtwn /⁠xātūn⁠/, “queen”) (or ⭠ Alanic *xatun < Proto-Sarmatian *xatūn)
        →? Proto-Turkic: *xātun (see there for further descendants)
      - →? Xiongnu: *ɣāt-tə̄j (or ⭠ Proto-Sogdic or Proto-Sarmatian)
        → Chinese: 閼氏 / 阏氏 (yānzhī), 閼氐 / 阏氐
- Proto-Sogdic: *xʷətwēn f^[3]
  - Sogdian: (/⁠xutēn⁠/)
    Sogdian script: 𐼶𐼴𐽂𐼰𐼷𐼻 (xwtʾyn), 𐼶𐼴𐽂𐼰𐼷𐼻𐼳 (xwtʾynh)
    
    Old Sogdian script: 𐼄𐼇𐼚𐼊𐼎𐼆 (ɣwtynh), 𐼄𐼇𐼚𐼀𐼊𐼎𐼆 (ɣwtʾynh)
    
    Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (xwṯyn)
  - →? Xiongnu: *ɣāt-tə̄j (or ⭠ Khotanese)
    - → Chinese: 閼氏 / 阏氏 (yānzhī), 閼氐 / 阏氐

References

^ Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*h(u)u̯a- > *xᵛa-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 423
^ Gharib, B. (1995), “γwtʾynh”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 178b
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Novák, Ľubomír (2013), Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎^[1], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 97: “*xu̯ətü̯ē̆n ‘queen’ < *hu̯a-tā̌́u̯nī-”
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Dybo, Anna (2014), “Early contacts of Turks and problems of Proto-Turkic reconstruction”, in Tatarica‎^[2], volume 2, page 9: “閼氐 *γāt-tə̄́j ‘Shan-yu spouse (title)’: cf. Sogd. xuten < *xwatāyn, < *hva-tāvyaini (f. from *hva-tāvya-) ‘lady’; > Early Saka *hvatuń > Hsiung-nu *γāt-tə̄́j > Sogd. xātūn [x’twn] ‘lady’ > OTurk. qatun.”
^ Gharib, B. (1995), “γwtʾw”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 178a
^ Schmitt, Rüdiger, editor (1989), Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 181

[1] Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*h(u)u̯a- > *xᵛa-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 423

[2] Gharib, B. (1995), “γwtʾynh”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 178b

[Novak-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Novák, Ľubomír (2013), Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎^[1], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 97: “*xu̯ətü̯ē̆n ‘queen’ < *hu̯a-tā̌́u̯nī-”

[Dybo-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Dybo, Anna (2014), “Early contacts of Turks and problems of Proto-Turkic reconstruction”, in Tatarica‎^[2], volume 2, page 9: “閼氐 *γāt-tə̄́j ‘Shan-yu spouse (title)’: cf. Sogd. xuten < *xwatāyn, < *hva-tāvyaini (f. from *hva-tāvya-) ‘lady’; > Early Saka *hvatuń > Hsiung-nu *γāt-tə̄́j > Sogd. xātūn [x’twn] ‘lady’ > OTurk. qatun.”

[5] Gharib, B. (1995), “γwtʾw”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 178a

[6] Schmitt, Rüdiger, editor (1989), Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 181

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