-іння

Ukrainian

Alternative forms

Etymology

  • Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-nьje. Rebracketing of -ння (-nnja).

    Pronunciation

    • -і́ння: IPA(key): [ ˈinʲːɐ]
    • -іння: IPA(key): [ inʲːɐ]

    Suffix

    -і́ння or -іння • (-ínnja or -innjan (plural -іння, variant -ення)

    1. -tion, -ence, -ance, -ity, etc. (suffix used to form abstract nouns from verbs, and occasionally from other parts of speech)
      вмі́ти (vmíty, to be able) + ‎-і́ння (-ínnja) → ‎вмі́ння (vmínnja, ability)

    Usage notes

    • The stress is usually drawn onto the suffix, but occasionally not.
    • This suffix is generally used only for verbs whose past passive participle ends in -єний (-jenyj) or -ений (-enyj); verbs whose past passive participle ends in -аний (-anyj) normally use -ання (-annja), and verbs whose past passive participle ends in -тий (-tyj) normally use -ння (-nnja).
    • The stem preceding the suffix is modified in the same way as for the past passive participle; in particular, the stem normally becomes iotated, and in cases where the stem iotates irregularly in the past passive participle (e.g. -жд- (-žd-) instead of -ж- (-ž-), or -щ- (-šč-) instead of -ч- (-č-)), the same irregularities are observed before -і́ння (-ínnja).
    • Note that even intransitive verbs without a past passive participle form abstract nouns in -і́ння (-ínnja). For such verbs of class 4 and 5 (which end in -ити (-yty) and -іти (-ity) respectively), use the stem as found in the first person singular.

    Declension

    Declension of -́і́ння
    (inan neut in -ja accent-a)
    singular plural
    nominative -́і́ння
    -́ínnja
    -́і́ння
    -́ínnja
    genitive -́і́ння
    -́ínnja
    -́і́нь
    -́ínʹ
    dative -́і́нню
    -́ínnju
    -́і́нням
    -́ínnjam
    accusative -́і́ння
    -́ínnja
    -́і́ння
    -́ínnja
    instrumental -́і́нням
    -́ínnjam
    -́і́ннями
    -́ínnjamy
    locative -́і́нні
    -́ínni
    -́і́ннях
    -́ínnjax
    vocative -́і́ння
    -́ínnja
    -́і́ння
    -́ínnja

    Derived terms

    References