桃花石

Chinese

		peach blossom; luck in love affairs; luck in love	rock; stone; 10 pecks
trad. (桃花石)		桃花	石
simp. ^#(桃花石)		桃花	石

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): táohuāshí

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄠˊ ㄏㄨㄚㄕˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: táohuāshí
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄠˊ ㄏㄨㄚㄕˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: táohuashíh
  - Wade–Giles: tʻao²-hua¹-shih²
  - Yale: táu-hwā-shŕ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: taurhuashyr
  - Palladius: таохуаши (taoxuaši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

Middle Chinese: daw xwae dzyek

Rime
Character	桃	花	石
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	曉 (32)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	麻 (99)	昔 (123)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	II	III
Fanqie	徒刀切	呼瓜切	常隻切
Baxter	daw	xwae	dzyek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑu/	/hˠua/	/d͡ʑiᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑu/	/hʷᵚa/	/d͡ʑiɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑu/	/xua/	/d͡ʑiæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/daw/	/hwaɨ/	/d͡ʑiajk̚/
Li Rong	/dɑu/	/xua/	/ʑiɛk̚/
Wang Li	/dɑu/	/xwa/	/ʑĭɛk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/dʱɑu/	/xwa/	/ʑi̯ɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	táo	huā	shí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tou⁴	faa¹	sik⁶

Etymology 1

Noun

桃花石

peach blossom stone (a pink-coloured mineral produced in Hunan)

Etymology 2

Phono-semantic matching from Turkic; compare Old Turkic 𐱃𐰉𐰍𐰲 (tabγač, “Tuoba, a Xianbei clan; the Chinese”). Compare 拓跋 (MC thak bat), 拓拔氏 (MC thak bjot dzyeX).

Proper noun

桃花石

(obsolete) Name of China used by people in Central Asia in the 13^th century.

Synonyms

中 (abbreviation)
中原 (Zhōngyuán)
中國 / 中国 (Zhōngguó)
中華 / 中华 (Zhōnghuá)
九州 (Jiǔzhōu) (literary)
唐山 (Tángshān)
天下 (tiānxià) (lofty)
天朝 (Tiāncháo) (historical or Internet slang)
支那 (Zhīnà) (obsolete, now usually derogatory or offensive)
桃花石 (Táohuāshí) (obsolete)
神州 (Shénzhōu) (literary)
種花家 / 种花家 (Zhònghuājiā) (slang, humorous)
脂那 (Zhīnà) (obsolete)
至那 (Zhìnà) (obsolete)
華 / 华 (abbreviation)
華夏 / 华夏 (Huáxià)
諸夏 / 诸夏 (Zhūxià)
諸華 / 诸华 (Zhūhuá)
赤縣 / 赤县 (Chìxiàn) (literary)
赤縣神州 / 赤县神州 (Chìxiàn Shénzhōu) (literary)
震旦 (Zhèndàn) (archaic)