偽造
Chinese
false; fake; forged false; fake; forged; bogus |
to make; to build; to invent to make; to build; to invent; to manufacture | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (偽造/僞造) | 偽/僞 | 造 | |
| simp. (伪造) | 伪 | 造 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: wěizào
- Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˇ ㄗㄠˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wěizào
- Wade–Giles: wei3-tsao4
- Yale: wěi-dzàu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woeitzaw
- Palladius: вэйцзао (vɛjczao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: wèizào
- Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ ㄗㄠˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wèizào
- Wade–Giles: wei4-tsao4
- Yale: wèi-dzàu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: weytzaw
- Palladius: вэйцзао (vɛjczao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /weɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: ngai6 zou6
- Yale: ngaih jouh
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngai6 dzou6
- Guangdong Romanization: ngei6 zou6
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋɐi̯²² t͡sou̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngúi-chho
- Hakka Romanization System: nguiˋ co
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngui3 co4
- Sinological IPA: /ŋu̯i³¹ t͡sʰo⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gūi-chō
- Tâi-lô: guī-tsō
- Phofsit Daibuun: guixzoi
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡui³³⁻²¹ t͡sɤ³³/
- IPA (Taipei): /ɡui³³⁻¹¹ t͡so³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɡui²²⁻²¹ t͡so²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ûi-chǒ
- Tâi-lô: uî-tsǒ
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ui²⁴⁻²² t͡so²²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ngui6 zao6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngŭi tsău
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋui³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sau³⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Verb
偽造
- to forge; to falsify; to fabricate; to counterfeit; to fake
Synonyms
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 偽 | 造 |
| ぎ Grade: S |
ぞう Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi | |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 僞造 (kyūjitai) |
Pronunciation
Noun
偽造 • (gizō)
Verb
偽造する • (gizō suru) transitive suru (stem 偽造し (gizō shi), past 偽造した (gizō shita))
- forge
- 2024 May 24, 河野太郎 [Tarō Kōno], quotee, “第213回国会 参議院 地方創生及びデジタル社会の形成等に関する特別委員会 第6号 令和6年5月24日 [213th Diet, House of Councillors, Special Committee on Regional Revitalization and the Formation of a Digital Society, No. 6, May 24, 2024]”, in 国会会議録検索システム [Diet Proceedings Search System][1], 国立国会図書館 [National Diet Library], retrieved 15 September 2025:
- それはもう免許証などでも起きておりますし、保険証では写真がありませんから偽造し放題だった。
- Sore wa mō menkyoshō nado demo okite ori masu shi, hokenshō de wa shashin ga ari masen kara gizō shi-hōdai datta.
- This has already happened with driver's licenses and other documents, and since health insurance cards don't have photographs, they can be easily forged.
Conjugation
Conjugation of "偽造する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 偽造し | ぎぞうし | gizō shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 偽造し | ぎぞうし | gizō shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 偽造する | ぎぞうする | gizō suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 偽造する | ぎぞうする | gizō suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 偽造すれ | ぎぞうすれ | gizō sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 偽造せよ¹ 偽造しろ² |
ぎぞうせよ¹ ぎぞうしろ² |
gizō seyo¹ gizō shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 偽造される | ぎぞうされる | gizō sareru | |
| Causative | 偽造させる 偽造さす |
ぎぞうさせる ぎぞうさす |
gizō saseru gizō sasu | |
| Potential | 偽造できる | ぎぞうできる | gizō dekiru | |
| Volitional | 偽造しよう | ぎぞうしよう | gizō shiyō | |
| Negative | 偽造しない | ぎぞうしない | gizō shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 偽造せず | ぎぞうせず | gizō sezu | |
| Formal | 偽造します | ぎぞうします | gizō shimasu | |
| Perfective | 偽造した | ぎぞうした | gizō shita | |
| Conjunctive | 偽造して | ぎぞうして | gizō shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 偽造すれば | ぎぞうすれば | gizō sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- “偽造”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 偽 | 造 |
Adjective
偽造