伸びる
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 伸 |
| の Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
Etymology
From the classical upper bigrade verb(バ行上二段活用) のぶ (nobu). Cognate with Japanese 延びる (nobiru).
Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 上二段活用 (kami nidan katsuyō, “upper bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru.
Pronunciation
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 伸びる
| Plain | 伸びる | のびる | [nòbíꜜrù] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conjunctive | 伸びて | のびて | [nóꜜbìtè] |
| Perfective | 伸びた | のびた | [nóꜜbìtà] |
| Negative | 伸びない | のびない | [nòbíꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 伸びなかった | のびなかった | [nòbíꜜnàkàttà] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 伸びれば | のびれば | [nòbíꜜrèbà] |
| Past conditional | 伸びたら | のびたら | [nóꜜbìtàrà] |
| Imperative | 伸びろ 伸びよ |
のびろ のびよ |
[nòbíꜜrò] [nòbíꜜyò] |
| Volitional | 伸びよう | のびよー | [nòbíyóꜜò] |
| Desiderative | 伸びたい | のびたい | [nòbítáꜜì] |
| Formal | 伸びます | のびます | [nòbímáꜜsù] |
| Formal negative | 伸びません | のびません | [nòbímáséꜜǹ] |
| Formal volitional | 伸びましょう | のびましょー | [nòbímáshóꜜò] |
| Formal perfective | 伸びました | のびました | [nòbímáꜜshìtà] |
| Continuative | 伸び 伸びに |
のび のびに |
[nóꜜbì] [nóꜜbì nì] |
| Negative continuative | 伸びず 伸びずに |
のびず のびずに |
[nòbíꜜzù] [nòbíꜜzù nì] |
| Passive | 伸びられる | のびられる | [nòbíráréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 伸びさせる 伸びさす |
のびさせる のびさす |
[nòbísáséꜜrù] [nòbísáꜜsù] |
| Potential | 伸びられる 伸びれる |
のびられる のびれる |
[nòbíráréꜜrù] [nòbíréꜜrù] |
Verb
伸びる • (nobiru) intransitive ichidan (stem 伸び (nobi), past 伸びた (nobita))
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 伸ばす |
| mediopassive | 伸びる |
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 伸べる |
| mediopassive | 伸びる |
- to stretch, to extend, to be developed, to grow
- (of clothes) to become baggy and loose
- (of noodles) to become soft and soggy (from absorbing too much soup)
- (of online videos) to accumulate views
Conjugation
Conjugation of "伸びる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 伸び | のび | nobi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 伸び | のび | nobi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 伸びる | のびる | nobiru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 伸びる | のびる | nobiru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 伸びれ | のびれ | nobire | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 伸びよ¹ 伸びろ² |
のびよ¹ のびろ² |
nobiyo¹ nobiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 伸びられる | のびられる | nobirareru | |
| Causative | 伸びさせる 伸びさす |
のびさせる のびさす |
nobisaseru nobisasu | |
| Potential | 伸びられる 伸びれる³ |
のびられる のびれる³ |
nobirareru nobireru³ | |
| Volitional | 伸びよう | のびよう | nobiyō | |
| Negative | 伸びない 伸びぬ 伸びん |
のびない のびぬ のびん |
nobinai nobinu nobin | |
| Negative continuative | 伸びず | のびず | nobizu | |
| Formal | 伸びます | のびます | nobimasu | |
| Perfective | 伸びた | のびた | nobita | |
| Conjunctive | 伸びて | のびて | nobite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 伸びれば | のびれば | nobireba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
Related terms
References
- “伸びる”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025