निर्धूम
Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit निर्धूम (nirdhūma).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /nɪɾ.d̪ʱuːm/, [nɪɾ.d̪ʱũːm]
Adjective
निर्धूम • (nirdhūm) (indeclinable)
- smokeless
- 1951, Hazariprasad Dwivedi, शिरीष के फूल [śirīṣ ke phūl]:
- जेठ की जलती धूप में, जबकि धरित्री निर्धूम अग्निकुंड बनी हुई थी, शिरीष नीचे से ऊपर तक फूलों से लद गया था।
- jeṭh kī jaltī dhūp mẽ, jabki dharitrī nirdhūm agnikuṇḍ banī huī thī, śirīṣ nīce se ūpar tak phūlõ se lad gayā thā.
- In the burning heat of Jyeṣṭha when the earth had become a smokeless fire pit, the siris tree was laden with flowers from bottom to top.
References
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “निर्धूम”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 2653
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- নিৰ্ধূম (Assamese script)
- ᬦᬶᬃᬥᬹᬫ (Balinese script)
- নির্ধূম (Bengali script)
- 𑰡𑰰𑰨𑰿𑰠𑰳𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀦𑀺𑀭𑁆𑀥𑀽𑀫 (Brahmi script)
- နိရ်္ဓူမ (Burmese script)
- નિર્ધૂમ (Gujarati script)
- ਨਿਰ੍ਧੂਮ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌨𑌿𑌰𑍍𑌧𑍂𑌮 (Grantha script)
- ꦤꦶꦂꦣꦹꦩ (Javanese script)
- 𑂢𑂱𑂩𑂹𑂡𑂴𑂧 (Kaithi script)
- ನಿರ್ಧೂಮ (Kannada script)
- និធ៌ូម (Khmer script)
- ນິຣ຺ຘູມ (Lao script)
- നിര്ധൂമ (Malayalam script)
- ᠨᡳᡵᢡᡠᡠᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘡𑘱𑘨𑘿𑘠𑘴𑘦 (Modi script)
- ᠨᠢᠷᢑᠾᠤᠤᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧁𑧒𑧈𑧠𑧀𑧕𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐣𑐶𑐬𑑂𑐢𑐹𑐩 (Newa script)
- ନିର୍ଧୂମ (Odia script)
- ꢥꢶꢬ꣄ꢤꢹꢪ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆤𑆴𑆫𑇀𑆣𑆷𑆩 (Sharada script)
- 𑖡𑖰𑖨𑖿𑖠𑖳𑖦 (Siddham script)
- නිර්ධූම (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩯𑩑𑩼 𑪙𑩮𑩒𑩛𑩴 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚝𑚮𑚤𑚶𑚜𑚱𑚢 (Takri script)
- நிர்தூ⁴ம (Tamil script)
- నిర్ధూమ (Telugu script)
- นิรฺธูม (Thai script)
- ནི་རྡྷཱུ་མ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒢𑒱𑒩𑓂𑒡𑒴𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨝𑨁𑨫𑩇𑨜𑨃𑨊𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Etymology tree
From निस्- (nis-) + धूम (dhūma).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /niɾ.dʱuː.mɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /n̪iɾ.d̪ʱuː.mɐ/
Adjective
निर्धूम • (nirdhūma) stem
- smokeless
- c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 13.138.8:
- सुवर्णवर्णो निर्धूमः संहतोर्ध्वशिखः कविः ।
क्रुद्धेनाङ्गिरसा शप्तो गुणैर् एतैर् विवर्जितः ॥- suvarṇavarṇo nirdhūmaḥ saṃhatordhvaśikhaḥ kaviḥ.
kruddhenāṅgirasā śapto guṇair etair vivarjitaḥ. - The wise man, smokeless and good-coloured, with the shikha high and struck together.
Cursed by angry Aṅgiras, he was devoid of these qualities.
- suvarṇavarṇo nirdhūmaḥ saṃhatordhvaśikhaḥ kaviḥ.
- सुवर्णवर्णो निर्धूमः संहतोर्ध्वशिखः कविः ।
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | निर्धूमः (nirdhūmaḥ) | निर्धूमौ (nirdhūmau) निर्धूमा¹ (nirdhūmā¹) |
निर्धूमाः (nirdhūmāḥ) निर्धूमासः¹ (nirdhūmāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | निर्धूमम् (nirdhūmam) | निर्धूमौ (nirdhūmau) निर्धूमा¹ (nirdhūmā¹) |
निर्धूमान् (nirdhūmān) |
| instrumental | निर्धूमेन (nirdhūmena) | निर्धूमाभ्याम् (nirdhūmābhyām) | निर्धूमैः (nirdhūmaiḥ) निर्धूमेभिः¹ (nirdhūmebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | निर्धूमाय (nirdhūmāya) | निर्धूमाभ्याम् (nirdhūmābhyām) | निर्धूमेभ्यः (nirdhūmebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | निर्धूमात् (nirdhūmāt) | निर्धूमाभ्याम् (nirdhūmābhyām) | निर्धूमेभ्यः (nirdhūmebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | निर्धूमस्य (nirdhūmasya) | निर्धूमयोः (nirdhūmayoḥ) | निर्धूमानाम् (nirdhūmānām) |
| locative | निर्धूमे (nirdhūme) | निर्धूमयोः (nirdhūmayoḥ) | निर्धूमेषु (nirdhūmeṣu) |
| vocative | निर्धूम (nirdhūma) | निर्धूमौ (nirdhūmau) निर्धूमा¹ (nirdhūmā¹) |
निर्धूमाः (nirdhūmāḥ) निर्धूमासः¹ (nirdhūmāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | निर्धूमा (nirdhūmā) | निर्धूमे (nirdhūme) | निर्धूमाः (nirdhūmāḥ) |
| accusative | निर्धूमाम् (nirdhūmām) | निर्धूमे (nirdhūme) | निर्धूमाः (nirdhūmāḥ) |
| instrumental | निर्धूमया (nirdhūmayā) निर्धूमा¹ (nirdhūmā¹) |
निर्धूमाभ्याम् (nirdhūmābhyām) | निर्धूमाभिः (nirdhūmābhiḥ) |
| dative | निर्धूमायै (nirdhūmāyai) | निर्धूमाभ्याम् (nirdhūmābhyām) | निर्धूमाभ्यः (nirdhūmābhyaḥ) |
| ablative | निर्धूमायाः (nirdhūmāyāḥ) निर्धूमायै² (nirdhūmāyai²) |
निर्धूमाभ्याम् (nirdhūmābhyām) | निर्धूमाभ्यः (nirdhūmābhyaḥ) |
| genitive | निर्धूमायाः (nirdhūmāyāḥ) निर्धूमायै² (nirdhūmāyai²) |
निर्धूमयोः (nirdhūmayoḥ) | निर्धूमानाम् (nirdhūmānām) |
| locative | निर्धूमायाम् (nirdhūmāyām) | निर्धूमयोः (nirdhūmayoḥ) | निर्धूमासु (nirdhūmāsu) |
| vocative | निर्धूमे (nirdhūme) | निर्धूमे (nirdhūme) | निर्धूमाः (nirdhūmāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | निर्धूमम् (nirdhūmam) | निर्धूमे (nirdhūme) | निर्धूमानि (nirdhūmāni) निर्धूमा¹ (nirdhūmā¹) |
| accusative | निर्धूमम् (nirdhūmam) | निर्धूमे (nirdhūme) | निर्धूमानि (nirdhūmāni) निर्धूमा¹ (nirdhūmā¹) |
| instrumental | निर्धूमेन (nirdhūmena) | निर्धूमाभ्याम् (nirdhūmābhyām) | निर्धूमैः (nirdhūmaiḥ) निर्धूमेभिः¹ (nirdhūmebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | निर्धूमाय (nirdhūmāya) | निर्धूमाभ्याम् (nirdhūmābhyām) | निर्धूमेभ्यः (nirdhūmebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | निर्धूमात् (nirdhūmāt) | निर्धूमाभ्याम् (nirdhūmābhyām) | निर्धूमेभ्यः (nirdhūmebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | निर्धूमस्य (nirdhūmasya) | निर्धूमयोः (nirdhūmayoḥ) | निर्धूमानाम् (nirdhūmānām) |
| locative | निर्धूमे (nirdhūme) | निर्धूमयोः (nirdhūmayoḥ) | निर्धूमेषु (nirdhūmeṣu) |
| vocative | निर्धूम (nirdhūma) | निर्धूमे (nirdhūme) | निर्धूमानि (nirdhūmāni) निर्धूमा¹ (nirdhūmā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “निर्धूम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 541.
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025), “nirdhūma”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.