Motivation and emotion/Lectures/Mindsets, control, and the self
Lecture 06: Mindsets, control, and the self
This is the sixth lecture for the motivation and emotion unit of study.

Overview
This lecture discusses:
- mindsets
- personal control beliefs
- the self and its strivings
Take-home messages:
- Different mindsets lead to different goal striving strategies
- The core efficacy belief of "I can do it" and the outcome belief of "it will work" lead to competent, enthusiastic functioning
- Exerting self-control over short-term urges is needed to pursue long-term goals; but this capacity is limited and needs replenishment
Outline
Mindsets
- What are mindsets?
- Deliberative – Implemental
- Prevention – Promotion
- Fixed – Growth
- Dissonance – Consistency
Personal control beliefs
- Expectancy and control
- Self-efficacy
- Mastery vs helplessness
- Reactance
- Expectancy-value model
Self
- Self strivings
- Self-concept
- Self-identity
- Agency
- Self-regulation
Readings
- Chapter 09: Mindsets (Reeve, 2018) or Chapter 8: Mindsets (Reeve, 2024)
- Chapter 10: Personal control beliefs (Reeve, 2018) or Chapter 9: Personal control beliefs (Reeve, 2024)
- Chapter 11: The self and its strivings (Reeve, 2018) or Chapter 10: The self and its strivings (Reeve, 2024)
Multimedia
- How to make stress your friend (Kelly McGonigal, TED talk, 2013) (12:21 min) explains that changing how we think about stress can make stress good for us.
Slides
- Mindsets (Google Slides)
- Personal control beliefs (Google Slides)
- The self and its strivings (Google Slides)
See also
- Lectures
- Implicit motives and goals (Previous lecture)
- Nature of emotion (Next lecture)
- Tutorial
- Wikipedia
- Learned helplessness
- Looking-glass self
- Mastery learning
- Mindset
- Self-efficacy
- Self-concept
- Trier social stress test
- Wikiversity
- Mindset (Book chapters)
- Optimism (Book chapters)
- Pessimism (Book chapters)
- Reactance (Book chapter, 2017)
- Regulatory focus theory and goal pursuit (Book chapter, 2019)
- Self (Book chapters)
- Self-efficacy (Book chapters)
- Stress mindset (Book chapter, 2024)
- Zeigarnik effect (Book chapter, 2015)
Recording
- Lecture 06 (2025)
References
Crum, A. J., Salovey, P., & Achor, S. (2013). Rethinking stress: The role of mindsets in determining the stress response. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(4), 716–733. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031201
External links
- Don't eat the marshmallow! (Joachim de Posada, TED talk, 2009) (6 min) shows a replication of the infamous Stanford marshmellow experiment by Walter Mischel which found that children who can resist temptation (delay gratification) tend to have better life outcomes.