Muscle ache
| Muscle ache | |
|---|---|
| Other names: Muscle pain, myalgia[1] | |
 | |
| Specialty | Rheumatology |
| Frequency | Common[1] |
Muscle ache, also known as myalgia, is pain in muscle.[1] It is a feature of muscle tension, overuse, or injury from physical work and exercise.[1] It may present as a symptom of an infectious disease and other diseases such as lupus and fibromyalgia.[1]
Causes
The most common causes of myalgia are overuse, injury, or strain. However, myalgia can also be caused by diseases, medications, or as a response to a vaccination. Dehydration at times results in muscle pain as well, especially for people involved in extensive physical activities such as workout. It is also a sign of acute rejection after heart transplant surgery.
Long-lasting myalgia can be caused by metabolic myopathy, some nutritional deficiencies, and chronic fatigue syndrome. The most common causes are:
- Injury or trauma, including sprains, hematoma
- Overuse: using a muscle too much, too often, including protecting a separate injury
- Chronic tension
Muscle pain occurs with:
- Rhabdomyolysis, associated with:
- Viral
- Compression injury leading to crush syndrome
- Drug-related
- Commonly fibrates and statins
- Occasionally ACE inhibitors, cocaine, and some retro-viral drugs
- Severe potassium deficiency
- Fibromyalgia
- Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
- Auto-immune disorders, including:
- Mixed connective tissue disease
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Polymyalgia rheumatica
- Polymyositis
- Dermatomyositis
- Multiple sclerosis (this is neurologic pain localised to myotome)
- Infections, including:
- Influenza (the flu)
- Lyme disease
- Babesiosis
- Malaria
- Toxoplasmosis
- Dengue fever
- Hemorrhagic fever
- Muscular abscess
- Compartment syndrome
- Polio
- Rocky Mountain spotted fever
- Trichinosis (roundworm)
- Ebola
- COVID-19
- Other
Overuse
Overuse of a muscle is using it too much, too soon or too often.[5] One example is repetitive strain injury. See also:
Injury
The most common causes of myalgia by injury are: sprains and strains.[5]
Autoimmune
- Multiple sclerosis (neurologic pain interpreted as muscular)
- Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (chronic fatigue syndrome)
- Myositis
- Mixed connective tissue disease
- Lupus erythematosus
- Fibromyalgia syndrome
- Familial Mediterranean fever
- Polyarteritis nodosa
- Devic's disease
- Morphea
- Sarcoidosis
Metabolic defect
- Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency
- Conn's syndrome
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hypothyroidism
- Diabetes
- Hypogonadism
- Postorgasmic illness syndrome[2][3][4]
Other
- Chronic fatigue syndrome
- Channelopathy
- Ehlers Danlos Syndrome
- Stickler Syndrome
- Hypokalemia
- Hypotonia
- Exercise intolerance
- Mastocytosis
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Eosinophilia myalgia syndrome
- Barcoo Fever
- Herpes
- Hemochromatosis
- Delayed onset muscle soreness
- HIV/AIDS
- Generalized anxiety disorder
- Tumor-induced osteomalacia
- Hypovitaminosis D
- Infarction[6]
Withdrawal syndrome from certain drugs
Sudden cessation of high-dose corticosteroids, opioids, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, caffeine, or alcohol can induce myalgia.
Treatment
When the cause of myalgia is unknown, it should be treated symptomatically. Common treatments include heat, rest, paracetamol, NSAIDs and muscle relaxants.[7]
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "Muscle aches: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus.gov. Archived from the original on 9 April 2022. Retrieved 2 May 2022. Archived 9 April 2022 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Balon R, Segraves RT, eds. (2005). Handbook of Sexual Dysfunction. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780824758264.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Wylie KR, ed. (2015). ABC of Sexual Health. John Wiley & Sons. p. 75. ISBN 9781118665565.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Postorgasmic illness syndrome". Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD). National Institutes of Health. 2015. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "MedlinePlus". Archived from the original on 2016-07-05. Retrieved 2021-08-13. Archived 2016-07-05 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Glueck, CharlesJ; Conrad, Brandon (2013). "Severe vitamin D deficiency, myopathy, and rhabdomyolysis". North American Journal of Medical Sciences. 5 (8): 494–495. doi:10.4103/1947-2714.117325. ISSN 1947-2714. PMC 3784929. PMID 24083227.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ↑ Shmerling, Robert H (April 25, 2016). "Approach to the patient with myalgia". UpToDate. Archived from the original on 2018-05-28. Retrieved 2018-05-27. Archived 2018-05-28 at the Wayback Machine
External links
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