List of skin signs

This is a list of medical signs seen in skin, some of which are named for individuals.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]

A

Skin signs (A)
Term Description Cause Image Eponymous (named after)
Abrasion[8] Wound of skin; partial thickness.[8] Trauma[8]
Apple jelly nodules
Asboe-Hansen sign[4] Blister: extension of a blister to adjacent unblistered skin when pressure is put on top of it.[9] Pemphigus vulgaris[9] Gustav Asboe-Hansen
Albright's dimple sign[1] Dimples of knuckles on making a fist[4] Short metacarpals in Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy associated with pseudohypoparathyroidism and pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism[10] Fuller Albright
Antenna sign[1] Keratosis pilaris[1]
Atrophy
Auspitz's sign[1] Bleeding spots after scratching skin[1] Psoriasis[1]

Darier's disease[1]

Actinic keratosis[1]

Heinrich Auspitz
Annular Ring shaped

B

Skin signs (B)
Term Description Cause Image Eponymous (named for)
Barnet's sign[11] Scleroderma[1]
Battle's sign[4] Bruising behind the ear in fracture of middle cranial fossa[4] William Henry Battle
Beau lines[12] Grooves across the nail plate[12] Severe illness, acute stress[12] Joseph Honoré Simon Beau
Blaschko's lines Alfred Blaschko
Blister[9] Vesicle[9]

(Small blister)

Bulla[9]

(Large blister)

Blue dot sign[13] Torsion of the testicular appendix[13]
Blue scrotum sign of Bryant Abdominal aortic aneurysm John Henry Bryant
Borsari's sign Giovanni Battista Borsieri
Braverman's sign Connective tissue disease[3] Irwin M. Braverman
Branham's sign[1]
Breakfast, lunch, and dinner sign[14] Bumps close together[15] Insect bites[14]
Burrow
Butterfly rash[5] Systemic lupus erythematosus[5]

Pellagra[5]

Rosacea[5]

Dermatomyositis[5]

Atopic dermatitis[5]

Butterfly sign[1] Dermatomyositis
Buttonhole sign[4] Bump that can be pushed into skin[1] Neurofibromatosis type I[1]

C

Skin signs (C)
Term Description Cause Image Eponymous (named for)
Carpet tack sign[1]
Casal collar Redness and darkening of the skin around the neck, seen in people with pellagra.[16] Gaspar Casal
Cayenne pepper spots
Chagas–Mazza–Romaña's sign[1]
Champagne bottle legs
Cornflake sign[17] Hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans

Pemphigus foliaceous

Coral bead sign[18] Papules near nail fold[18] Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis[18]
Coudability sign[19] Hair sign Alopecia areata[19]
Crowe sign[1] Freckles in underams[1] Neurofibromatosis type I[1] Frank W. Crowe
Crusts[9]
Cullen's sign[1] Bruising around umbilicus in acute pancreatitis Thomas Stephen Cullen
Cyst

D

Skin signs (D)
Term Description Cause Image Eponymous (named for)
Darier's sign[4] Ferdinand-Jean Darier

Dennie–Morgan fold Charles Clayton Dennie

Dermatoglyphics
Desquamation
Dimple sign[4] Depression of skin when squeezed. Dermatofibroma
Doughnut sign

E-F

Skin signs (E-F)
Term Description Cause Image Eponymous (named for)
Erosions[9] [20]
Erythema nodosum
Fissure Cracks, clefts
Fried egg sign

G

Skin signs (G)
Term Description Cause Image Eponymous (named for)
Gottron's papules[4] Heinrich Adolf Gottron
Grey Turner's sign[4] George Grey Turner
Groove sign[4]

H

Skin signs (H)
Term Description Cause Image Eponymous (named for)
Hair collar sign[4]
Hanging curtain sign[4] Pityriasis rosea[21]
Heliotrope sign[22] Dermatomyositis[22]
Hertoghe’s sign[4]
Hoagland’s sign[23] Infectious mononucleosis[23]
Holster sign[4]
Hives Urticaria, wheals
Honeycomb atrophy
Hutchinson's sign Jonathan Hutchinson

I-J

Skin signs (I-J)
Term Description Cause Image Eponymous (named for)
Janeway lesion Edward Gamaliel Janeway

K

Skin signs (K)
Term Description Cause Image Eponymous (named for)
Kerr's sign
Koebner phenomenon Heinrich Koebner
Koplik's spots Henry Koplik

L

Skin signs (L)
Term Description Description Cause Image Eponymous (named for) Notes
Langer's lines Karl Langer
Leser–Trélat sign[24] seborrheic keratoses: sudden occurrence of many associated with an internal cancer as part of a paraneoplastic syndrome[24] Edmund Leser, Ulysse Trélat (1800s) A more accurate description was given by Eugen Von Hollander in 1900.[25]
Lichenification[8]
Linea nigra

M

Skin signs (M)
Term Description Cause Image Eponymous (named for) Notes
Macule A small flat spot[8]
Maceration
Morbilliform

N-O

Skin signs (N-O)
Term Description Cause Image Eponymous (named for) Notes
Nikolsky's sign Pyotr Nikolsky (1858 – 1940)
Nodule[8]
Ollendorff probe sign[26] Pain on prodding lesion[26] Secondary syphilis[26] Helene Ollendorff Curth (1899 - 1982) Several dermatological publications refer to the sign as the Buschke-Ollendorf sign.[27] However, Ollendorf Curth described the sign before going to work with Buschke and she and others clarify that the sign is called Ollendorffs sign.[26][28]
Oil spot
Osler node William Osler

P

Skin signs (P)
Term Description Image Eponymous (named after)
Papule[8] A papule is a small, well-defined bump in the skin.
Pastia's lines Constantin Chessec Pastia
Patch[8]
Pear sign[9]
Peau d’orange
Port wine stain
Plaque[8]
Pustule[8]

R

Skin signs (R)
Term Description Cause Image Eponymous (named for)
Raccoon eyes
Renbök phenomenon
Reticulate skin
Reverse Namaskar sign [29] Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
Romana's sign[30] Chagas disease[30] Cecilio Romana
Rope sign
Round fingerpad sign
Rumpel–Leede sign
Russell’s sign

S

Skin signs (S)
Term Description Cause Image Eponymous (named for)
Scales[17]
Scar
Scratch marks Excoriations
Serpiginous skin
Shawl sign Dermatomyositis

T

Skin signs (T)
Term Description Cause Image Eponymous (named for)
Tent sign
Thumbprint sign
Tin-tack sign
Telangiectasia
Toy soldier sign
Tripe palms Thick ridged velvety palms, typically as part of a paraneoplastic syndrome[31]
Tumor

U

Skin signs (U)
Term Description Cause Image Eponymous (named for)
Ugly duckling sign[32] Spot that appears out of place[32]
Ulcers
Umbilication[33] Dip in skin bump[33]

V

Skin signs (V)
Term Description Cause Image Eponymous (named for)
V sign[34] Trichotillomania[34]
Vesicle

W

Skin signs (W)
Term Description Cause Image Eponymous (named for)
Walzel sign[4]
Wickham striae Louis Frédéric Wickham
Winterbottom's sign[4] Thomas Winterbottom
Wobble sign [35]
Wolf's isotopic response

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 Madke, Bhushan; Nayak, Chitra (September 2012). "Eponymous signs in dermatology". Indian Dermatology Online Journal. 3 (3): 159. doi:10.4103/2229-5178.101810. ISSN 2229-5178. Archived from the original on 2023-02-08. Retrieved 2023-05-30.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  2. ↑ Yale, Steven H.; Tekiner, Halil; Mazza, Joseph J.; Yale, Eileen S.; Yale, Ryan C. (2021). Cardiovascular Eponymic Signs: Diagnostic Skills Applied During the Physical Examination. Switzerland: Springer. ISBN 978-3-030-67595-0. Archived from the original on 2023-07-01. Retrieved 2023-06-04.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Patel, LM; Lambert, PJ; Gagna, CE; Maghari, A; Lambert, WC (September 2011). "Cutaneous signs of systemic disease". Clinics in dermatology. 29 (5): 511–22. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.01.019. ISSN 1879-1131. PMID 21855727.
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 Freiman, Anatoli; Kalia, Sunil; O'Brien, Elizabeth A. (July 2006). "Dermatologic Signs". Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery. 10 (4): 175–182. doi:10.2310/7750.2006.00042.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Sharma, Surabhi; Khaitan, BinodK; Kumarasinghe, SujithPrasad (2021). "Cutaneous signs in dermatological diseases; An overview". Indian Journal of Dermatology. 66 (5): 530. doi:10.4103/ijd.ijd_141_21. PMID 35068509. Archived from the original on 2023-07-30. Retrieved 2023-07-27.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  6. ↑ Amrani, Ashish; Sil, Abheek; Das, Anupam (2022). "Cutaneous signs in infectious diseases". Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology. 88 (4): 569–575. doi:10.25259/IJDVL_727_20. ISSN 0378-6323. Archived from the original on 2023-06-05. Retrieved 2023-07-29.
  7. ↑ Jindal, Nidhi; Jindal, Pooja; Kumar, Jeevan; Gupta, Sanjeev; Jain, VK (2015). "Fruit and Food Eponyms in Dermatology". Indian Journal of Dermatology. 60 (2): 213. doi:10.4103/0019-5154.152578. ISSN 0019-5154. Archived from the original on 2024-02-16. Retrieved 2024-02-15.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  8. ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 James, William D.; Elston, Dirk; Treat, James R.; Rosenbach, Misha A.; Neuhaus, Isaac (2020). "2. Cutaneous signs and diagnosis". Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (13th ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier. pp. 11–17. ISBN 978-0-323-54753-6.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 Jonkman, Marcel F.; Horváth, Barbara (2022). "2. Dermatological examination of bullous diseases". In Horváth, Barbara (ed.). Autoimmune Bullous Diseases (2nd ed.). Switzerland: Springer. pp. 11–28. ISBN 978-3-030-91557-5. Archived from the original on 2023-06-30. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  10. ↑ Venkatesh, C; Devi, J; Srinivasan, S (March 2013). "Albright's dimpling sign". Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism. 17 (2): 364–5. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.109694. PMID 23776930. Archived from the original on 2023-07-30. Retrieved 2023-07-27.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  11. ↑ Inamadar, Arun C.; Palit, Aparna (2019). "1. Systemic sclerosis: an overview". In Inamadar, Arun C. (ed.). Systemic Sclerosis: An Illustrated Guide to Manifestation and Management in Asian Skin. Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 23. ISBN 978-1-1384-8004-9. Archived from the original on 2023-08-11. Retrieved 2023-08-10.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Tosti, Antonella (2020). "413. Diseases of hair and nails". In Goldman, Lee; Schafer, Andrew I. (eds.). Goldman-Cecil Medicine. Vol. 2 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 2660–2661. ISBN 978-0-323-53266-2. Archived from the original on 2023-06-30. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Pomajzl, A. J.; Leslie, Stephen W. (2022). "Appendix Testis Torsion". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. Archived from the original on 2023-07-12. Retrieved 2023-07-27.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Peres, Gabriel; Yugar, Lara Buonalumi Tacito; Haddad Junior, Vidal (October 2018). "Breakfast, lunch, and dinner sign: a hallmark of flea and bedbug bites". Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia. 93 (5): 759–760. doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20187384. PMID 30156636. Archived from the original on 2023-05-15. Retrieved 2023-07-31.
  15. ↑ Bolognia, Jean L.; Schaffer, Julie V.; Duncan, Karynne O.; Ko, Christine (2021). "55. Disorders of hyperpigmentation". Dermatology Essentials (2nd ed.). Elsevier. p. 522. ISBN 978-0-323-70971-2. Archived from the original on 2023-08-11. Retrieved 2023-08-09.
  16. ↑ Johnstone, Ronald B. (2017). "4. Psoriasiform reaction pattern". Weedon's Skin Pathology Essentials (2nd ed.). Elsevier. p. 65. ISBN 978-0-7020-6830-0. Archived from the original on 2023-06-30. Retrieved 2023-06-06.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Kangle, Satyajeet; Amladi, Sangeeta; Sawant, S. (1 March 2006). "Scaly signs in dermatology". Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology. 72: 161. doi:10.4103/0378-6323.25653. ISSN 0378-6323. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Sarkar, Soumajyoti; Fung, Maxwell A.; Raychaudhuri, Siba P. (June 2020). ""Coral bead sign" in Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis". International Journal of Dermatology. 59 (6). doi:10.1111/ijd.14746. PMID 31782143. Archived from the original on 2023-07-30. Retrieved 2023-07-27.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Pirmez, Rodrigo (2016). "Revisiting Coudability Hairs in Alopecia Areata: The Story behind the Name". Skin Appendage Disorders. 2 (1–2): 76–78. doi:10.1159/000448811. PMID 27843931. Archived from the original on 2023-07-30. Retrieved 2023-07-27.
  20. ↑ "Erosions and ulcers | DermNet". dermnetnz.org. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
  21. ↑ Dhar, S.; Kanwar, A. J.; Handa, S. (1995). "'Hanging curtain' sign in pityriasis rosea". Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland). 190 (3): 252. doi:10.1159/000246706. ISSN 1018-8665. PMID 7599393. Archived from the original on 2023-07-30. Retrieved 2023-07-27.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Russo, Teresa; Piccolo, Vincenzo; Ruocco, Eleonora; Baroni, Adone (1 October 2012). "The Heliotrope Sign of Dermatomyositis: The Correct Meaning of the Term Heliotrope". Archives of Dermatology. 148 (10): 1178. doi:10.1001/archdermatol.2012.2596. ISSN 0003-987X. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Otsuki, Takuya; Ishizuka, Kosuke; Hirose, Masanori; Ie, Kenya (November 2022). "Hoagland sign in infectious mononucleosis". BMJ Case Reports. 15 (11): e252839. doi:10.1136/bcr-2022-252839. PMID 36384885. Archived from the original on 2023-07-30. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Bernett, Courtney N.; Schmieder, George J. (2022). "Leser-Trelat Sign". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID 29261959. Archived from the original on 2023-03-11. Retrieved 2023-07-31.
  25. ↑ Salimi, Maryam; Al-Kutubi, Huda; Andrew, Kashini; Patel, Pooja; Orpin, Stephen; Heagerty, Adrian (26 June 2023). "H04 The sign of Leser–Trélat: an eponymous misnomer?". British Journal of Dermatology. 188 (Supplement_4). doi:10.1093/bjd/ljad113.286. Archived from the original on 2 August 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 Davies, K. E.; Yesudian, P. D. (July 2014). "Historical Archives". British Journal of Dermatology. 171: 139–146. doi:10.1111/bjd.12981. Archived from the original on 2023-07-29. Retrieved 2023-07-29.
  27. ↑ James, William D.; Elston, Dirk; Treat, James R.; Rosenbach, Misha A.; Neuhaus, Isaac (2020). "18. Syphilis, Yaws, Bejel, and Pinta". Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (13th ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier. pp. 347–361. ISBN 978-0-323-54753-6. Archived from the original on 2023-07-30. Retrieved 2023-07-30.
  28. ↑ Curth, William; Curth, Helen Ollendorff (February 1983). "Remembering Abraham Buschke". The American Journal of Dermatopathology. 5 (1): 27. ISSN 0193-1091. Archived from the original on 2023-07-30. Retrieved 2023-07-30.
  29. ↑ Premalatha, S.; Sarveswari, K. N.; Lahiri, Koushik (2010). "Reverse-Namaskar: a new sign in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: a family pedigree study of four generations". Indian Journal of Dermatology. 55 (1): 86–91. doi:10.4103/0019-5154.60360. ISSN 1998-3611. Archived from the original on 2025-02-02. Retrieved 2025-07-28.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Beucler, Nathan; Torrico, Faustino; Hibbert, David (12 November 2020). "A tribute to Cecilio Romaña: Romaña's sign in Chagas disease". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 14 (11): e0008836. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008836. PMID 33180778. Archived from the original on 30 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  31. ↑ James, William D.; Elston, Dirk; Treat, James R.; Rosenbach, Misha A.; Neuhaus, Isaac (2020). "24. Endocrine diseases". Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (13th ed.). Elsevier. p. 503. ISBN 978-0-323-54753-6. Archived from the original on 2023-08-02. Retrieved 2023-08-01.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Del Marmol, Veronique; Baitalle, Veronique; Trakatelli, Myrto-Georgia; Ulrich, Claas (2010). "12. Skin cancer prevention". In Stockfleth, Eggert; Rosen, Ted; Schumaak, Steven (eds.). Managing Skin Cancer. Heidelberg: Springer. p. 217. ISBN 978-3-540-79347-2. Archived from the original on 2023-07-30. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Bubna, Aditya Kumar (January 2019). "Umbilicated Lesions in Dermatology". Clinical Dermatology Review. 3 (1): 99. doi:10.4103/CDR.CDR_52_18. ISSN 2542-551X. Archived from the original on 2023-06-06. Retrieved 2023-08-10.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 Bose, Shiti; Khandare, Manish; Kulkarni, Dipak; Joseph, Jebin (January 2023). "A Compendium of Common Signs in Dermoscopy, Trichoscopy, and Onychoscopy". Clinical Dermatology Review. 7 (1): 44. doi:10.4103/cdr.cdr_74_21. ISSN 2542-551X. Archived from the original on 2023-03-25. Retrieved 2023-07-28.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  35. ↑ Nazir, Zaeem H.; Hussain, Khawar; Marghoob, Ashfaq A.; Patel, Neil P. (1 March 2023). "Ancillary techniques to improve dermoscopy specificity for skin cancer detection". Clinical and experimental dermatology. 48 (3): 167–174. doi:10.1093/ced/llac065. ISSN 0307-6938. PMID 36763719. Archived from the original on 12 July 2024. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
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