I ran into a problem earlier this week where I booted my computer and one of my drives gave me an error about bad superblocks. I run Ubuntu 20.04 x64 on my laptop with EXT4. This error prevented me from mounting the drive. There are a lot of posts on AskUbuntu and other stackexchange sites about this error, and I tried all of the tools including fsck, testdisk, and others to no avail. So I finally ended up reformatting my drive. No worries, all the data was backed up so no loss.
Then today I did a sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade and it suddenly triggered the superblock problem again. Like after the upgrade the computer screen went dark. And then I had to do a forced shutdown. When I booted again, the superblock error came back. Luckily this time the fsck.ext4 -v /dev/xxx worked for me. So my drive mounted successfully then.
So I am wondering what I should do to prevent this stuff from happening? Like is there some fragmentation on my hard drive, is my disk getting bad, or what else could it be? I want to figure out how to prevent this issue from happening again.
UPDATE
As requested, here is the self-test info.
