First, eliminate a possible disk file system problem...
- boot to the GRUB menu
- choose Advanced Options
- choose Recovery mode
- choose Root access
- at the # prompt, type
sudo fsck -f /
- repeat the
fsck command if there were errors
- type
reboot
If for some reason you can't do the above...
- boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
- start
gparted and determine which /dev/sdaX is your Ubuntu EXT4 partition
- quit
gparted
- open a
terminal window
- type
sudo fsck -f /dev/sdaX # replacing X with the number you found earlier
- repeat the fsck command if there were errors
- type
reboot
Next, eliminate a possible video subsystem problem...
At the GRUB menu, hit the e key, and edit the line that contains "splash quiet" to "splash quiet nomodeset", hit ctrl-x to continue booting. See if it will fully boot, even if the video display isn't at the correct resolution. If it boots, do one of the following...
1. Eliminate a possible wayland problem...
Boot to recovery mode, and choose root access. Then type:
sudo mount -o rw,remount /
In terminal...
cd /etc/gdm3 # change directory
sudo pico custom.conf # edit this file
Find and change:
#WaylandEnable=false
To this:
WaylandEnable=false
Save the file.
sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm3 # select gdm3 DM
Select gdm3 and OK.
reboot # reboot the computer
2. Update/reinstall the current nouveau/Nvidia video drivers.
Update #1:
While trying the wayland fix, errors indicated a gdm3 problem. Reinstalling gdm3 resolved the problem.