perata

See also: perätä

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *përgat'ak, possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *berganą (“to take care of, to keep”), in which case, a doublet with pärjätä. This has been disputed however.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈperɑtɑˣ/, [ˈpe̞rɑ̝t̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]
  • Rhymes: -erɑtɑ
  • Syllabification(key): pe‧ra‧ta
  • Hyphenation(key): pe‧ra‧ta

Verb

perata

  1. (transitive) to gut (eviscerate a fish)
  2. (transitive) to clean, pick (remove useless parts of something, such as cleaning berries or mushrooms etc.)
  3. (transitive) to weed (remove unwanted plants from farmland, a plant nursery, etc.)
  4. (transitive) to clean a body of water by removing rocks, vegetation etc. (in case of rivers or creeks, may also include straightening)
  5. (transitive) to clear (forestland, etc.) into a field, pasture, etc.
    Synonym: raivata
    • 1899, August Ahlqvist, “Suomen valta”, in Kustavi Grotenfelt, editor, Väinölä: Helmivyö suomalaista runoutta, Porvoo: Werner Söderström:
      Suomalaisen kuokka, aura,
      Kyntäneet on Suomenmaan,
      Kasvoi vehnä taikka kaura,
      Maa on meidän perkamaa.
      The hoe, plough of a Finnish man,
      has plowed the Finnish land,
      Wheat or oats, no matter the grain,
      the land was cleared by us

Conjugation

Inflection of perata (Kotus type 73*D/salata, k-∅ gradation)
indicative mood
present tense perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. perkaan en perkaa 1st sing. olen perannut en ole perannut
2nd sing. perkaat et perkaa 2nd sing. olet perannut et ole perannut
3rd sing. perkaa ei perkaa 3rd sing. on perannut ei ole perannut
1st plur. perkaamme emme perkaa 1st plur. olemme peranneet emme ole peranneet
2nd plur. perkaatte ette perkaa 2nd plur. olette peranneet ette ole peranneet
3rd plur. perkaavat eivät perkaa 3rd plur. ovat peranneet eivät ole peranneet
passive perataan ei perata passive on perattu ei ole perattu
past tense pluperfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. perkasin en perannut 1st sing. olin perannut en ollut perannut
2nd sing. perkasit et perannut 2nd sing. olit perannut et ollut perannut
3rd sing. perkasi ei perannut 3rd sing. oli perannut ei ollut perannut
1st plur. perkasimme emme peranneet 1st plur. olimme peranneet emme olleet peranneet
2nd plur. perkasitte ette peranneet 2nd plur. olitte peranneet ette olleet peranneet
3rd plur. perkasivat eivät peranneet 3rd plur. olivat peranneet eivät olleet peranneet
passive perattiin ei perattu passive oli perattu ei ollut perattu
conditional mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. perkaisin en perkaisi 1st sing. olisin perannut en olisi perannut
2nd sing. perkaisit et perkaisi 2nd sing. olisit perannut et olisi perannut
3rd sing. perkaisi ei perkaisi 3rd sing. olisi perannut ei olisi perannut
1st plur. perkaisimme emme perkaisi 1st plur. olisimme peranneet emme olisi peranneet
2nd plur. perkaisitte ette perkaisi 2nd plur. olisitte peranneet ette olisi peranneet
3rd plur. perkaisivat eivät perkaisi 3rd plur. olisivat peranneet eivät olisi peranneet
passive perattaisiin ei perattaisi passive olisi perattu ei olisi perattu
imperative mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. — — 1st sing. — —
2nd sing. perkaa älä perkaa 2nd sing. — —
3rd sing. peratkoon älköön peratko 3rd sing. olkoon perannut älköön olko perannut
1st plur. peratkaamme älkäämme peratko 1st plur. — —
2nd plur. peratkaa älkää peratko 2nd plur. — —
3rd plur. peratkoot älkööt peratko 3rd plur. olkoot peranneet älkööt olko peranneet
passive perattakoon älköön perattako passive olkoon perattu älköön olko perattu
potential mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. perannen en peranne 1st sing. lienen perannut en liene perannut
2nd sing. perannet et peranne 2nd sing. lienet perannut et liene perannut
3rd sing. perannee ei peranne 3rd sing. lienee perannut ei liene perannut
1st plur. perannemme emme peranne 1st plur. lienemme peranneet emme liene peranneet
2nd plur. perannette ette peranne 2nd plur. lienette peranneet ette liene peranneet
3rd plur. perannevat eivät peranne 3rd plur. lienevät peranneet eivät liene peranneet
passive perattaneen ei perattane passive lienee perattu ei liene perattu
Nominal forms
infinitives participles
active passive active passive
1st perata present perkaava perattava
long 1st1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st peratakseni perataksemme
2nd perataksesi perataksenne
3rd peratakseen
perataksensa
past perannut perattu
2nd inessive2 peratessa perattaessa agent4 perkaama
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st peratessani peratessamme
2nd peratessasi peratessanne
3rd peratessaan
peratessansa
negative perkaamaton
instructive peraten —
1) Used only with a possessive suffix.

2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).

4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
3rd inessive perkaamassa —
elative perkaamasta —
illative perkaamaan —
adessive perkaamalla —
abessive perkaamatta —
instructive perkaaman perattaman
4th3 verbal noun perkaaminen
5th1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st perkaamaisillani perkaamaisillamme
2nd perkaamaisillasi perkaamaisillanne
3rd perkaamaisillaan
perkaamaisillansa

Derived terms

nouns

Further reading

Anagrams

Ludian

Etymology

From the noun pera.

Verb

perata

  1. to steer, to drive, to row (a boat)
  2. (instransitive) to paddle

Conjugation

Conjugation of perata (type II-3/kerata, no gradation)
Indicative
Present Perfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular peradan en perada 1st singular olen peranu en ole peranu
2nd singular peradad ed perada 2nd singular oled peranu ed ole peranu
3rd singular peradau ei perada 3rd singular on peranu ei ole peranu
1st plural peradamme emme perakoi 1st plural olemme peranu emme olgoi peranu
2nd plural peradatte ette perakoi 2nd plural olette peranu ette olgoi peranu
3rd plural peratah ei perata 3rd plural oldah perattu ei olda perattu
Imperfect Pluperfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular perazin en peranu 1st singular olin peranu en olnu peranu
2nd singular perazid ed peranu 2nd singular olid peranu ed olnu peranu
3rd singular perazi ei peranu 3rd singular oli peranu ei olnu peranu
1st plural perazimme emme perattu 1st plural olimme peranu emme olnu peranu
2nd plural perazitte ette perattu 2nd plural olitte peranu ette olnu peranu
3rd plural perattih ei perattu 3rd plural oldih perattu ei oldu perattu
Conditional
Present Perfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular peradaižin en peradaiž 1st singular oližin peranu en oliž peranu
2nd singular peradaižid ed peradaiž 2nd singular oližid peranu ed oliž peranu
3rd singular peradaiž ei peradaiž 3rd singular oliž peranu ei oliž peranu
1st plural peradaižimme emme peradaiž 1st plural oližimme peranu emme oliž peranu
2nd plural peradaižitte ette peradaiž 2nd plural oližitte peranu ette oliž peranu
3rd plural perataiž ei perataiž 3rd plural oldaiž perattu ei oldaiž perattu
Imperfect Pluperfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular peranuižin en peranuiž 1st singular olnuižin peranu en olnuiž peranu
2nd singular peranuižid ed peranuiž 2nd singular olnuižid peranu ed olnuiž peranu
3rd singular peranuiž ei peranuiž 3rd singular olnuiž peranu ei olnuiž peranu
1st plural peranuižimme emme peranuiž 1st plural olnuižimme peranu emme olnuiž peranu
2nd plural peranuižitte ette peranuiž 2nd plural olnuižitte peranu ette olnuiž peranu
3rd plural perattanuiž ei perattanuiž 3rd plural oldanuiž perattu ei oldanuiž perattu
Imperative
Present
positive negative
1st singular — —
2nd singular perada ala perada
3rd singular perakkah algah perakoi
1st plural perakam algam perakoi
2nd plural perakat algat perakoi
3rd plural peratakkah aldagah perakoi
Potential
Present Perfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular peranen en perane 1st singular lienen peranu en liene peranu
2nd singular peraned ed perane 2nd singular liened peranu ed liene peranu
3rd singular peranou ei perane 3rd singular lienou peranu ei liene peranu
1st plural peranemme emme perane 1st plural lienemme peranu emme liekoi peranu
2nd plural peranette ette perane 2nd plural lienette peranu ette liekoi peranu
3rd plural perattaneh ei perattane 3rd plural lietah perattu ei liekoi perattu
Nominal forms
Infinitives Participles
active passive
I perata present peradaj perattav
II inessive perates past peranu perattu
essive peraten
III illative peradamah
inessive peradamas
elative peradamaspiä
adessive peradamal
abessive peradamata

References

  • M. Pahomov (2022), Lüüdi-venän, venä-lüüdin sanakirdʹ‎[2], Helsinki: Lüüdilaine Siebr, →ISBN

Malay

Pronunciation

Noun

perata (Jawi spelling ڤرات, plural perata-perata)

  1. pastry

Further reading

Veps

Etymology

From the noun pera.

Verb

perata

  1. steer
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