paene

See also: pæne

Latin

Etymology

Possibly from the same root as patior (“to suffer”); this may be Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-(i)- (“to hurt”) (this is supported by Pokorny[1]), but its standard reconstruction as *peh₁-(i)- (or *peh₁y-)[2] creates phonetic problems for the Latin.[3] Neri (2007), following Vine, derives it Proto-Indo-European *p(e)-ai-ni- (“not entirely; from whom has been taken away; who takes away”), from *pe- (“away”) + *h₁ai- (“to take, give”), but this is doubtful since a PIE *h₁ai- sequence is phonologically invalid and the preverb *pe- (“away”) is itself uncertain. So, the etymology is unresolved.

The original meaning was likely “lacking, missing” (> “falling short”), as preserved in the related words paeniteō (“to cause dissatisfaction/regret”) and paenūria (“shortage”).[3]

Pronunciation

Adverb

paene (not comparable)

  1. almost, nearly
    Synonyms: prope, fermē, ferē, iū̆xtā
  2. (with negative) scarcely, hardly, barely (ex: paene incredibilia)

Derived terms

  • paenitō
  • paenūria

Descendants

  • >? Aromanian: pãnã, pãn
  • >? Romanian: până
  • → English: pene-

References

  1. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), “pe(i)”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 792-93
  2. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*peh₁i̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 459–460
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “paene”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 439

Further reading

  • “paene”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “paene”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “paene”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • graphic depiction: rerum sub aspectum paene subiectio (De Or. 3. 53. 202)
    • to almost lose one's reason from excess of joy: nimio gaudio paene desipere
  • paene in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
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