maith

Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Irish maith[4] (compare Scottish Gaelic math and Manx mie), from Proto-Celtic *matis (compare Welsh and Breton mad, Cornish mas).

Adjective

maith (genitive singular masculine maith, genitive singular feminine maithe, plural maithe, comparative fearr)

  1. good
Usage notes
  • Takes the adverbial construction go maith when used predicatively after a form of bí:
  • Tá an t-anraith seo go maith. ― This soup is good.
Declension
Declension of maith
Positive singular plural
masculine feminine strong noun weak noun
nominative maith mhaith maithe;
mhaithe2
vocative mhaith maithe
genitive maithe maithe maith
dative maith;
mhaith1 		mhaith maithe;
mhaithe2
Comparative níos fearr
Superlative is fearr

1 When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
2 When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Derived terms

Noun

maith f (genitive singular maithe, nominative plural maithe)

  1. good, goodness
Declension
Declension of maith (second declension)
bare forms
singular plural
nominative maith maithe
vocative a mhaith a mhaithe
genitive maithe maithe
dative maith maithe
forms with the definite article
singular plural
nominative an mhaith na maithe
genitive na maithe na maithe
dative leis an maith
don mhaith 		leis na maithe
Synonyms

Etymology 2

From Old Irish maithid,[5] from the adjective.

Verb

maith (present analytic maitheann, future analytic maithfidh, verbal noun maitheamh, past participle maite)

  1. to forgive, pardon
Conjugation
conjugation of maith (first conjugation – A)
verbal noun maitheamh
past participle maite
tense singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative
present maithim maitheann tú;
maithir† 		maitheann sé, sí maithimid maitheann sibh maitheann siad;
maithid† 		a mhaitheann; a mhaitheas /
a maitheann* 		maitear
past mhaith mé; mhaitheas mhaith tú; mhaithis mhaith sé, sí mhaitheamar; mhaith muid mhaith sibh; mhaitheabhair mhaith siad; mhaitheadar a mhaith /
ar mhaith* 		maitheadh
past habitual mhaithinn / maithinn‡‡ mhaiteá / maiteᇇ mhaitheadh sé, sí / maitheadh sé, s퇇 mhaithimis; mhaitheadh muid / maithimis‡‡; maitheadh muid‡‡ mhaitheadh sibh / maitheadh sibh‡‡ mhaithidís; mhaitheadh siad / maithidís‡‡; maitheadh siad‡‡ a mhaitheadh /
a maitheadh* 		mhaití / mait퇇
future maithfidh mé;
maithfead 		maithfidh tú;
maithfir† 		maithfidh sé, sí maithfimid;
maithfidh muid 		maithfidh sibh maithfidh siad;
maithfid† 		a mhaithfidh; a mhaithfeas /
a maithfidh* 		maithfear
conditional mhaithfinn / maithfinn‡‡ mhaithfeá / maithfeᇇ mhaithfeadh sé, sí / maithfeadh sé, s퇇 mhaithfimis; mhaithfeadh muid / maithfimis‡‡; maithfeadh muid‡‡ mhaithfeadh sibh / maithfeadh sibh‡‡ mhaithfidís; mhaithfeadh siad / maithfidís‡‡; maithfeadh siad‡‡ a mhaithfeadh /
a maithfeadh* 		mhaithfí / maithf퇇
subjunctive
present go maithe mé;
go maithead† 		go maithe tú;
go maithir† 		go maithe sé, sí go maithimid;
go maithe muid 		go maithe sibh go maithe siad;
go maithid† 		— go maitear
past dá maithinn dá maiteá dá maitheadh sé, sí dá maithimis;
dá maitheadh muid 		dá maitheadh sibh dá maithidís;
dá maitheadh siad 		— dá maití
imperative
– maithim maith maitheadh sé, sí maithimis maithigí;
maithidh† 		maithidís — maitear

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation

Mutated forms of maith
radical lenition eclipsis
maith mhaith not applicable

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931), Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 90, page 50
  2. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899), Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 199
  3. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906), A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 290, page 103
  4. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “maith”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  5. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “maithid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading

  • Dinneen, Patrick S. (1927), “maiṫ”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 2nd edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 701; reprinted with additions 1996, →ISBN
  • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “maith”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Old Irish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈmaθʲ/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *matis, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂tis (“ripe, good”), from *meh₂- (“to ripen, to mature”). Cognate with Welsh mad and Gaulish mat.

Alternative forms

Adjective

maith (comparative ferr, superlative dech)

  1. good
  2. (nominalized, neuter) good

For quotations using this term, see Citations:maith.

Declension
i-stem
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative maith maith maith
vocative maith
accusative maith maith
genitive maith maithe maith
dative maith maith maith
plural masculine feminine/neuter
nominative maithi maithi
vocative maithi
accusative maithi
genitive maith*
maithe
dative maithib

*not when substantivized

Derived terms
Descendants
  • Irish: maith
  • Manx: mie
  • Scottish Gaelic: math

Further reading

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

·maith

  1. third-person singular present indicative conjunct of maidid

Mutation

Mutation of maith
radical lenition nasalization
maith
also mmaith in h-prothesis environments		 maith
pronounced with /β̃-/		 maith
also mmaith

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Scottish Gaelic

Verb

maith (past mhaith, future maithidh, verbal noun mathadh, past participle maithte)

  1. alternative form of math

Noun

maith m

  1. genitive singular of math

Welsh

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /mai̯θ/
  • Rhymes: -ai̯θ

Adjective

maith (feminine singular maith, plural meithion, equative maithed, comparative maithach, superlative maithaf)

  1. long, far, large, extensive, numerous
  2. long-lasting, tedious, tiresome
    Synonyms: hir, hirfaith
  3. great (of quality)
  4. sad, bitter
  5. wise, clever, cunning, sly

Derived terms

Mutation

Mutated forms of maith
radical soft nasal aspirate
maith faith unchanged unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “maith”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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