kaivada

Ludian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kaivadak.

Verb

kaivada

  1. to dig
  2. to scrape
  3. to drill, to perforate
  4. to bore (a hole)

Conjugation

Conjugation of kaivada (type I-8/painada, no gradation)
Indicative
Present Perfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular kaivan en kaiva 1st singular olen kaivanu en ole kaivanu
2nd singular kaivad ed kaiva 2nd singular oled kaivanu ed ole kaivanu
3rd singular kaivau ei kaiva 3rd singular on kaivanu ei ole kaivanu
1st plural kaivamme emme kaivagoi 1st plural olemme kaivanu emme olgoi kaivanu
2nd plural kaivatte ette kaivagoi 2nd plural olette kaivanu ette olgoi kaivanu
3rd plural kaivetah ei kaiveta 3rd plural oldah kaivettu ei olda kaivettu
Imperfect Pluperfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular kaivoin en kaivanu 1st singular olin kaivanu en olnu kaivanu
2nd singular kaivoid ed kaivanu 2nd singular olid kaivanu ed olnu kaivanu
3rd singular kaivoi ei kaivanu 3rd singular oli kaivanu ei olnu kaivanu
1st plural kaivoimme emme kaivettu 1st plural olimme kaivanu emme olnu kaivanu
2nd plural kaivoitte ette kaivettu 2nd plural olitte kaivanu ette olnu kaivanu
3rd plural kaivettih ei kaivettu 3rd plural oldih kaivettu ei oldu kaivettu
Conditional
Present Perfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular kaivaižin en kaivaiž 1st singular oližin kaivanu en oliž kaivanu
2nd singular kaivaižid ed kaivaiž 2nd singular oližid kaivanu ed oliž kaivanu
3rd singular kaivaiž ei kaivaiž 3rd singular oliž kaivanu ei oliž kaivanu
1st plural kaivaižimme emme kaivaiž 1st plural oližimme kaivanu emme oliž kaivanu
2nd plural kaivaižitte ette kaivaiž 2nd plural oližitte kaivanu ette oliž kaivanu
3rd plural kaivetaiž ei kaivetaiž 3rd plural oldaiž kaivettu ei oldaiž kaivettu
Imperfect Pluperfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular kaivanuižin en kaivanuiž 1st singular olnuižin kaivanu en olnuiž kaivanu
2nd singular kaivanuižid ed kaivanuiž 2nd singular olnuižid kaivanu ed olnuiž kaivanu
3rd singular kaivanuiž ei kaivanuiž 3rd singular olnuiž kaivanu ei olnuiž kaivanu
1st plural kaivanuižimme emme kaivanuiž 1st plural olnuižimme kaivanu emme olnuiž kaivanu
2nd plural kaivanuižitte ette kaivanuiž 2nd plural olnuižitte kaivanu ette olnuiž kaivanu
3rd plural kaivettanuiž ei kaivettanuiž 3rd plural oldanuiž kaivettu ei oldanuiž kaivettu
Imperative
Present
positive negative
1st singular — —
2nd singular kaiva ala kaiva
3rd singular kaivagah algah kaivagoi
1st plural kaivagam algam kaivagoi
2nd plural kaivagat algat kaivagoi
3rd plural kaivetagah aldagah kaivagoi
Potential
Present Perfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular kaivanen en kaivane 1st singular lienen kaivanu en liene kaivanu
2nd singular kaivaned ed kaivane 2nd singular liened kaivanu ed liene kaivanu
3rd singular kaivanou ei kaivane 3rd singular lienou kaivanu ei liene kaivanu
1st plural kaivanemme emme kaivane 1st plural lienemme kaivanu emme liekoi kaivanu
2nd plural kaivanette ette kaivane 2nd plural lienette kaivanu ette liekoi kaivanu
3rd plural kaivettaneh ei kaivettane 3rd plural lietah kaivettu ei liekoi kaivettu
Nominal forms
Infinitives Participles
active passive
I kaivada present kaivaj kaivettav
II inessive kaivades past kaivanu kaivettu
essive kaivaden
III illative kaivamah
inessive kaivamas
elative kaivamaspiä
adessive kaivamal
abessive kaivamata

References

  • M. Pahomov (2022), Lüüdi-venän, venä-lüüdin sanakirdʹ‎[1], Helsinki: Lüüdilaine Siebr, →ISBN
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