gwrando

Welsh

Etymology

From gwar- (“super-”) +‎ andaw (“listen”),^[1] either from (or equivalent to) an- (“intensive prefix”) +‎ taw (“silence”)^[2] or by metathesis from Middle Welsh *adnaw (“attend to”)^[3] cognate with Latin navus (“active, busy”).

Pronunciation

(North Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈɡwrandɔ/
(South Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA^(key): /ˈɡwrandɔ/
- (South Wales, colloquial) IPA^(key): /ˈɡrandɔ/, /ˈɡrɪndɔ/
Rhymes: -andɔ

Verb

gwrando (first-person singular present gwrandawaf)

to listen
Dw i’n gwrando ar y radio.
I’m listening to the radio.

Conjugation

Conjugation of gwrando (literary)
	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third	impersonal
present indicative/future	gwrandawaf	gwarandewi	gwrendy	gwrandawn	gwarandewch	gwrandawant	gwarandewir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional	gwrandawn	gwrandawit	gwrandawai	gwrandawem	gwrandawech	gwrandawent	gwarandewid
preterite	gwarandewais	gwarandewaist	gwrandawodd	gwrandawsom	gwrandawsoch	gwrandawsant	gwrandawyd
pluperfect	gwrandawswn	gwrandawsit	gwrandawsai	gwrandawsem	gwrandawsech	gwrandawsent	gwrandawsid, gwarandewsid
present subjunctive	gwrandawyf	gwarandewych	gwrandawo	gwrandawom	gwrandawoch	gwrandawont	gwrandawer
imperative	—	gwrando	gwrandawed	gwrandawn	gwarandewch	gwrandawent	gwrandawer

verbal noun	gwrando
verbal adjectives	gwrandawedig gwrandawadwy

Conjugation (colloquial)
inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
inflected colloquial forms	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	gwrandawa i, gwrandawaf i	gwrandawi di	gwrandawith o/e/hi, gwrandawiff e/hi	gwrandawn ni	gwrandewch chi	gwrandawan nhw
conditional	gwrandawn i, gwrandawswn i	gwrandawet ti, gwrandawset ti	gwrandawai fo/fe/hi, gwrandawsai fo/fe/hi	gwrandawen ni, gwrandawsen ni	gwrandawech chi, gwrandawsech chi	gwrandawen nhw, gwrandawsen nhw
preterite	gwrandawais i, gwrandawes i	gwrandawaist ti, gwrandawest ti	gwrandawodd o/e/hi	gwrandawon ni	gwrandawoch chi	gwrandawon nhw
imperative	—	gwranda	—	—	gwrandewch	—

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Conjugation (colloquial)
inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
inflected colloquial forms	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	gwranda i, gwrandaf i	gwrandi di	gwrandith o/e/hi, gwrandiff e/hi	gwrandwn ni	gwrandwch chi	gwrandan nhw
conditional	gwrandwn i, gwrandswn i	gwrandet ti, gwrandset ti	gwrandai fo/fe/hi, gwrandsai fo/fe/hi	gwranden ni, gwrandsen ni	gwrandech chi, gwrandsech chi	gwranden nhw, gwrandsen nhw
preterite	gwrandais i, gwrandes i	gwrandaist ti, gwrandest ti	gwrandodd o/e/hi	gwrandon ni	gwrandoch chi	gwrandon nhw
imperative	—	gwranda	—	—	gwrandwch	—

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Mutation

Mutated forms of *gwrando*
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
gwrando	wrando	ngwrando	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gwrando”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “andaw”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
^ Morris Jones, John (1913), A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 76 iii 1

[1] R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gwrando”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

[2] R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “andaw”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

[3] Morris Jones, John (1913), A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 76 iii 1

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