funda

Contraction of fundamental, originating in Indian English.

funda (countable and uncountable, plural fundas or fundae or fundaes)

1. (India) Basics or fundamentals, considered as a unit.

   Get your funda correct before you submit the paper.

   What is the funda behind relativity?

   • 1992 [1]

     In my opinion, the funda is as follows:

2. (India) Understanding.
   • 1993, [2]

     You did not have the funda to realize that the statistics is an ass.

   • 1993, [3]

     But then, your funda is weak.

Whilst fundaes and fundae both occur as the plural of funda, fundas is far more widespread. The pluralization to fundae is by analogy to formula/formulae. The pluralization to fundas is by the simple addition of -s.

The word is frequently used in Indian quizzing circles to denote the interesting fact or concept behind a question.

• fundu

• Usenet posting by Sivakumar Ravada, prescribing fundae as the plural
• IITM lingo, accessed on 2005-05-09, prescribing fundaes as the plural
• The Fundoo Funda, some comments about the words funda and fundoo.

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈfun.də]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈfun.da]

• Audio (Barcelona):

  (file)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin funda (“bag”). Doublet of fona.

funda f (plural fundes)

1. cover, sheath

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

funda

1. inflection of fundar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

• “funda” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
• “funda”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
• “funda”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007

From Zulu -funda, from Proto-Bantu *-túnda.

funda

1. to learn
2. to study
3. to read

Attested with this meaning since the 14th century. Learned borrowing from Late Latin funda (“bag”), from Latin funda. Doublet of fonda. Compare Portuguese fonda and Spanish funda and honda.

• IPA^(key): [ˈfundɐ]

funda f (plural fundas)

1. case, cover

   Synonym: estoxo

   • c. 1350, Lourdes Soriano, editor, Livro de Tristan:

     Quando eles uirõ Lãça[rote] nõ no conoçerõ porque fezera el meter seu escudo em sua fonda

     When they saw Lancelot they didn't recognise him, because he ordered to put his shield inside its case

2. overalls

   Synonym: mono

• Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “funda”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “funda”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “funda”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “funda”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “funda”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

funda

1. inflection of fundir:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

• IPA^(key): /ˈfʏnta/
• Rhymes: -ʏnta

From fundur +‎ -a.

funda (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative fundaði, supine fundað)

1. (intransitive) to meet, to gather

Inflected form of fundur (“meeting”).

funda

1. indefinite genitive plural of fundur

funda

1. to accuse

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰondʰeh₂, from *bʰendʰ- (“to bind”), whence English bind. Alternatively, a loanword from an unknown language, which may also have been the source of Ancient Greek σφενδόνη (sphendónē, “sling”).^[1]

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈfʊn.da]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈfun̪.d̪a]

funda f (genitive fundae); first declension

1. a hand-sling

   Coordinate term: fustibalus (“a sling-staff, a stick sling”)

First-declension noun.

• fundifōrmis (New Latin)
• funditor
• *fundula (diminutive) (Vulgar Latin)
  • ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *fundla (contraction)
    • ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *flunda (metathesis)
      • Asturian: flonda, fronda
      • French: fronde
        • → Italian: fronda
      • Italian: fionda
      • Sicilian: ciunna

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈfʊn.daː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈfun̪.d̪a]

fundā

1. second-person singular present active imperative of fundō

• “funda”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “funda”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "funda", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “funda”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “funda”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

From Proto-Bantu *-túnda.

-fúnda

1. (intransitive) to learn
2. (transitive) to read

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Borrowed from Latin funda (“sling”).

funda f (plural fundas)

1. sling (cloth weapon)
   • Bible, 1 Samuel 17:50

     Portanto, Davi, com uma funda e uma pedra, mostrou ser mais forte que o filisteu, e o entregou à morte, e não havia espada na mão de Davi.

     So David prevailed over the Philistine with a sling and with a stone, and smote the Philistine, and slew him; but there was no sword in the hand of David.

   Synonyms: fundíbulo, catapulta

2. catapult, slingshot (elastic weapon)

   Synonyms: estilingue, atiradeira, bodoque

3. sling (hanging bandage)

   Synonym: tipoia

• fundeiro, fundibulário, fundista, fustíbalo

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

funda

1. feminine singular of fundo

funda

1. inflection of fundar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative
2. inflection of fundir:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Borrowed from French fonder, based on Romanian fund.

a funda (third-person singular present fundează, past participle fundat) 1st conjugation

1. to found, set a foundation

   Synonyms: întemeia, înființa

• fundament
• fundație
• fund

From a Nguni language; compare Zulu -funda.

-fúndá (infinitive kufúndá)

1. study
2. learn

   Synonym: -dzidza

• mufundi

From Proto-Bantu *-túnda.

-fúnda

1. (intransitive) to learn
2. (transitive) to read

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

• hunda (obsolete)

• IPA^(key): /ˈfunda/ [ˈfũn̪.d̪a]
• Rhymes: -unda
• Syllabification: fun‧da

Learned borrowing from Late Latin funda (“bag”).

funda f (plural fundas)

1. a case, a covering or bag used to wrap something up and protect it
2. (Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Ecuador) a bag made of paper or plastic

   Synonyms: bolsa, saco

3. (Bolivia) a female undergarment similar to a skirt

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

funda

1. inflection of fundar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

funda

1. inflection of fundir:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

• “funda”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 10 December 2024

• Alba, Orlando (2004), Cómo hablamos los dominicanos: un enfoque sociolingüístico‎^[4] (overall work in Spanish), Santo Domingo: Grupo León Jimenes, →ISBN

From Proto-Bantu *-túnda.

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

-funda (infinitive kufunda)

1. to instruct, teach

Conjugation of -funda
Positive present -nafunda Subjunctive -funde Negative -fundi Imperative singular funda
Infinitives
Positive kufunda Negative kutofunda
Imperatives
Singular funda Plural fundeni
Tensed forms
Habitual hufunda Positive past positive subject concord + -lifunda Negative past negative subject concord + -kufunda
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nafunda) Singular Plural 1st person ninafunda/nafunda tunafunda 2nd person unafunda mnafunda 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anafunda wanafunda other classes positive subject concord + -nafunda
Negative present (negative subject concord + -fundi) Singular Plural 1st person sifundi hatufundi 2nd person hufundi hamfundi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hafundi hawafundi other classes negative subject concord + -fundi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tafunda Negative future negative subject concord + -tafunda
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -funde) Singular Plural 1st person nifunde tufunde 2nd person ufunde mfunde 3rd person m-wa(I/II) afunde wafunde other classes positive subject concord + -funde
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sifunde Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngefunda Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singefunda Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalifunda Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalifunda
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -afunda) Singular Plural 1st person nafunda twafunda 2nd person wafunda mwafunda 3rd person m-wa(I/II) afunda wafunda m-mi(III/IV) wafunda yafunda ji-ma(V/VI) lafunda yafunda ki-vi(VII/VIII) chafunda vyafunda n(IX/X) yafunda zafunda u(XI) wafunda see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwafunda pa(XVI) pafunda mu(XVIII) mwafunda
Perfect positive subject concord + -mefunda "Already" positive subject concord + -meshafunda "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jafunda "If/When" positive subject concord + -kifunda "If not" positive subject concord + -sipofunda Consecutive kafunda / positive subject concord + -kafunda Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kafunde
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nifunda -tufunda 2nd person -kufunda -wafunda/-kufundeni/-wafundeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mfunda -wafunda m-mi(III/IV) -ufunda -ifunda ji-ma(V/VI) -lifunda -yafunda ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kifunda -vifunda n(IX/X) -ifunda -zifunda u(XI) -ufunda see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kufunda pa(XVI) -pafunda mu(XVIII) -mufunda Reflexive -jifunda
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -funda- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -fundaye -fundao m-mi(III/IV) -fundao -fundayo ji-ma(V/VI) -fundalo -fundayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -fundacho -fundavyo n(IX/X) -fundayo -fundazo u(XI) -fundao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -fundako pa(XVI) -fundapo mu(XVIII) -fundamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -funda) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yefunda -ofunda m-mi(III/IV) -ofunda -yofunda ji-ma(V/VI) -lofunda -yofunda ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chofunda -vyofunda n(IX/X) -yofunda -zofunda u(XI) -ofunda see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kofunda pa(XVI) -pofunda mu(XVIII) -mofunda
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

• Verbal derivations:
  • Causative: -fundisha

Inherited from Common Bantu *-kúnda (“be narrow”).

• IPA^(key): /fúːnda/

-funda (infinitive okufunda) (intransitive)

1. to be narrow

   Antonyms: -galiha, -gazi (adjective)

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -fundira
  • Short causative: -funza (“to make narrow”)

• Nominal derivations:
  • obufunda (“narrowness”)

• Kaji, Shigeki (2007), A Rutooro Vocabulary‎^[5], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 366
• Rubongoya, L. T. (2013), Katondogorozi y'Orunyoro-Rutooro n'Orungereza [Runyoro–Rutooro-English and English-Runyoro–Rutooro dictionary]‎^[6], Kampala: Modrug Publishers, →ISBN, page 329
• Entry 8960 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3

From Ottoman Turkish فونده (funda), from Greek φούντα (foúnta, “shrub; flake, fringe”) from Hellenistic φοῦνδα (phoûnda), from Latin funda (“hand-sling, net”).

funda (definite accusative fundayı, plural fundalar)

1. shrub, heath
2. (botanics) heath

• Meyer, Gustav (1893), “Türkische Studien. I. Die griechischen und romanischen Bestandtheile im Wortschatze des Osmanisch-Türkischen”, in Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch-historischen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften (in German), volume 128, Wien: In Commission bei F. Tempsky, page 89
• φούντα, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language

From Proto-Bantu *-túnda.

-fúnda

1. (intransitive) to learn
2. (transitive) to read

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

• -fundisa

From Proto-Bantu *-túnda.

-fúnda

1. (intransitive) to learn
2. (transitive) to study
3. (transitive) to read

• -fundisa

From Proto-Bantu *-kúnda.

-funda^?

1. (transitive) to swallow (food)

• C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “funda”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “funda (3.9)”