Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic ضِيق (ḍīq).[1]
Pronunciation
Noun
dhiki class IX (plural dhiki class X)
- distress
Verb
-dhiki (infinitive kudhiki)
- to distress, afflict
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -dhiki
|
| Positive present
|
-nadhiki
|
| Subjunctive
|
-dhiki
|
| Negative
|
-dhiki
|
| Imperative singular
|
dhiki
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kudhiki
|
| Negative
|
kutodhiki
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
dhiki
|
| Plural
|
dhikini
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hudhiki
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lidhiki
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kudhiki
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nadhiki)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninadhiki/nadhiki
|
tunadhiki
|
| 2nd person
|
unadhiki
|
mnadhiki
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anadhiki
|
wanadhiki
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nadhiki
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -dhiki)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sidhiki
|
hatudhiki
|
| 2nd person
|
hudhiki
|
hamdhiki
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hadhiki
|
hawadhiki
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -dhiki
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tadhiki
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tadhiki
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -dhiki)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nidhiki
|
tudhiki
|
| 2nd person
|
udhiki
|
mdhiki
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
adhiki
|
wadhiki
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -dhiki
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sidhiki
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngedhiki
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singedhiki
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalidhiki
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalidhiki
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -adhiki)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nadhiki
|
twadhiki
|
| 2nd person
|
wadhiki
|
mwadhiki
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
adhiki
|
wadhiki
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wadhiki
|
yadhiki
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
ladhiki
|
yadhiki
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chadhiki
|
vyadhiki
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yadhiki
|
zadhiki
|
| u(XI)
|
wadhiki
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwadhiki
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
padhiki
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwadhiki
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -medhiki
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshadhiki
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jadhiki
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kidhiki
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipodhiki
|
| Consecutive
|
kadhiki / positive subject concord + -kadhiki
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kadhiki
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nidhiki
|
-tudhiki
|
| 2nd person
|
-kudhiki
|
-wadhiki/-kudhikini/-wadhikini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mdhiki
|
-wadhiki
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-udhiki
|
-idhiki
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lidhiki
|
-yadhiki
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kidhiki
|
-vidhiki
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-idhiki
|
-zidhiki
|
| u(XI)
|
-udhiki
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kudhiki
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-padhiki
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mudhiki
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jidhiki
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -dhiki- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-dhikiye
|
-dhikio
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-dhikio
|
-dhikiyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-dhikilo
|
-dhikiyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-dhikicho
|
-dhikivyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-dhikiyo
|
-dhikizo
|
| u(XI)
|
-dhikio
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-dhikiko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-dhikipo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-dhikimo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -dhiki)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yedhiki
|
-odhiki
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-odhiki
|
-yodhiki
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lodhiki
|
-yodhiki
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chodhiki
|
-vyodhiki
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yodhiki
|
-zodhiki
|
| u(XI)
|
-odhiki
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kodhiki
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-podhiki
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-modhiki
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
References
- ^ Baldi, Sergio (30 November 2020), Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 188 Nr. 1670