cyma

See also: сума

English

Alternative forms

  • sima, syma [16th century]
  • cima, scima [18th century]

Etymology

From New Latin cȳma (“young sprout or shoot of cabbage”) (whence the botanic usage of cyme), from Ancient Greek κῦμα (kûma, “swell, wave”, “cyma”, “sprout of a plant”), from κύω (kúō, “I conceive, I become pregnant”).

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Most English coinages on this root are formed on its short stem, κῡμ- (kūm-). The fact that the Ancient Greek etymon only inflects as a third-declension neuter noun has led some writers to prescribe forms that preserve the root’s long stem, κῡματ- (kūmat-), for philological reasons (see, for example, the 1903 and 1908 citations of cymatoscope), but such forms are rare.

Latinate phrases that include cyma, namely cyma inversa, cyma recta, and cyma reversa, show that, when employed as a Latin word, cȳma is treated as a first-declension feminine noun rather than as third-declension neuter consonant-stem noun.

There are several Classical precedents, both from Latin and from Ancient Greek, for formations on the short stem (κῡμ- (kūm-)) of this root, although formations on the long stem (κῡματ- (kūmat-)) are more common in Ancient Greek; consequently, whereas formations on the long stem may be preferable, especially when combined with other Ancient Greek elements, formations on the short stem are by no means incorrect.

Pronunciation

  • Rhymes: -aɪmə
  • Hyphenation: cy‧ma

Noun

cyma (plural cymas or cymae or cymæ or cymata)

  1. (architecture) The wavelike, curved shape of a cymatium, consisting of a concave and a convex line; (loosely) the cymatium itself.
    Synonym: ogee
  2. (botany) A cyme (opening bud).

Derived terms

Translations

References

Anagrams

Latin

Etymology

From the Ancient Greek κῦμα (kûma, “swell, wave, billow; fetus, embryo”), from κύω (kúō, “I am pregnant, I conceive”).

The Greek nominative plural is κῡ́ματα (kū́mata); *κυμαί (*kumaí), the first-declension nominative plural form which would give precedent to the Latin cȳmae, does not occur.

Pronunciation

Noun

cȳma n (genitive cȳmatis); third declension
cȳma f (genitive cȳmae); first declension

  1. young sprout or spring shoot of cabbage
  2. hollow sphere
  3. spherical layer, stratum

Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).
singular plural
nominative cȳma cȳmata
genitive cȳmatis cȳmatum
dative cȳmatī cȳmatibus
accusative cȳma cȳmata
ablative cȳmate cȳmatibus
vocative cȳma cȳmata
First-declension noun.
singular plural
nominative cȳma cȳmae
genitive cȳmae cȳmārum
dative cȳmae cȳmīs
accusative cȳmam cȳmās
ablative cȳmā cȳmīs
vocative cȳma cȳmae

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Albanian: qime
  • Aromanian: ciumã
  • Asturian: cima, ⇒ cimeru
  • Dalmatian: čama
  • English: cyma, cyme
  • French: cime
  • Galician: cima
  • Istriot: seîma
  • Italian: cima
  • Occitan: cima
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: cima
  • Portuguese: cima
  • Romanian: ciumă (see there for further descendants)
  • Sicilian: cima
  • Spanish: cima
  • Venetan: sima

References

  • “cyma”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “cyma”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “cyma”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Old English

Pronunciation

  • cyma: IPA(key): /ˈky.mɑ/
  • cȳma: IPA(key): /ˈkyː.mɑ/
  • Hyphenation: cy‧ma

Noun

cyma

  1. genitive plural of cyme

Adjective

cȳma

  1. inflection of cȳme:
    1. strong nominative/accusative feminine plural
    2. weak nominative masculine singular
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