caoch

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish cáech (“blind in one eye”),[1] from Proto-Celtic *kaikos (compare Welsh coeg (“one-eyed, blind”)), from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ikos (“one-eyed”) (compare Latin caecus (“blind”)).

Pronunciation

Adjective

caoch (genitive singular masculine caoich, genitive singular feminine caoiche, plural caocha, comparative caoiche)

  1. blind, purblind (of creature)
  2. blind, empty; (of place) blind, closed up (of seed-vessel)
  3. (card games) nontrump
  4. (nominalized, masculine) blind, purblind person, creature
  5. (nominalized, feminine) found in the names of agriculturally harmful organisms

Declension

Declension of caoch
Positive singular plural
masculine feminine strong noun weak noun
nominative caoch chaoch caocha;
chaocha2
vocative chaoich caocha
genitive caoiche caocha caoch
dative caoch;
chaoch1 		chaoch;
chaoich (archaic) 		caocha;
chaocha2
Comparative níos caoiche
Superlative is caoiche

1 When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
2 When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Derived terms

  • caoch láibe m (“mole”)
  • caoch na gcearc f (“henbane”)
  • caoch rua f (“wireworm”)
  • caochneantóg (“deadnettle”)

Verb

caoch (present analytic caochann, future analytic caochfaidh, verbal noun caochadh, past participle caochta)

  1. (transitive) to blind; daze, dazzle
  2. (intransitive, of seed-vessel) to become empty, wither
  3. (intransitive) to close, become blocked
  4. (intransitive) to wink [with ar ‘at’]; flicker

Conjugation

conjugation of caoch (first conjugation – A)
verbal noun caochadh
past participle caochta
tense singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative
present caochaim caochann tú;
caochair† 		caochann sé, sí caochaimid caochann sibh caochann siad;
caochaid† 		a chaochann; a chaochas /
a gcaochann* 		caochtar
past chaoch mé; chaochas chaoch tú; chaochais chaoch sé, sí chaochamar; chaoch muid chaoch sibh; chaochabhair chaoch siad; chaochadar a chaoch /
ar chaoch* 		caochadh
past habitual chaochainn / gcaochainn‡‡ chaochtá / gcaochtᇇ chaochadh sé, sí / gcaochadh sé, s퇇 chaochaimis; chaochadh muid / gcaochaimis‡‡; gcaochadh muid‡‡ chaochadh sibh / gcaochadh sibh‡‡ chaochaidís; chaochadh siad / gcaochaidís‡‡; gcaochadh siad‡‡ a chaochadh /
a gcaochadh* 		chaochtaí / gcaochta퇇
future caochfaidh mé;
caochfad 		caochfaidh tú;
caochfair† 		caochfaidh sé, sí caochfaimid;
caochfaidh muid 		caochfaidh sibh caochfaidh siad;
caochfaid† 		a chaochfaidh; a chaochfas /
a gcaochfaidh* 		caochfar
conditional chaochfainn / gcaochfainn‡‡ chaochfá / gcaochfᇇ chaochfadh sé, sí / gcaochfadh sé, s퇇 chaochfaimis; chaochfadh muid / gcaochfaimis‡‡; gcaochfadh muid‡‡ chaochfadh sibh / gcaochfadh sibh‡‡ chaochfaidís; chaochfadh siad / gcaochfaidís‡‡; gcaochfadh siad‡‡ a chaochfadh /
a gcaochfadh* 		chaochfaí / gcaochfa퇇
subjunctive
present go gcaocha mé;
go gcaochad† 		go gcaocha tú;
go gcaochair† 		go gcaocha sé, sí go gcaochaimid;
go gcaocha muid 		go gcaocha sibh go gcaocha siad;
go gcaochaid† 		— go gcaochtar
past dá gcaochainn dá gcaochtá dá gcaochadh sé, sí dá gcaochaimis;
dá gcaochadh muid 		dá gcaochadh sibh dá gcaochaidís;
dá gcaochadh siad 		— dá gcaochtaí
imperative
– caochaim caoch caochadh sé, sí caochaimis caochaigí;
caochaidh† 		caochaidís — caochtar

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation

Mutated forms of caoch
radical lenition eclipsis
caoch chaoch gcaoch

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cáech”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931), Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 101, page 56
  3. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899), Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 168
  4. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906), A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 124, page 48

Further reading

  • Dinneen, Patrick S. (1927), “caoċ”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 2nd edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 159; reprinted with additions 1996, →ISBN
  • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “caoch”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Scottish Gaelic

Alternative forms

  • coech

Etymology

From Old Irish cáech (“blind in one eye; a person blind in one eye”), from Proto-Celtic *kaikos, from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ikos (“one-eyed”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kʰɯːx/

Adjective

caoch (genitive singular feminine caoiche)

  1. empty
  2. blind
  3. hollow
  4. blasted
  5. one-eyed

Noun

caoch m

  1. grampus
  2. mole
  3. blind beast

Mutation

Mutation of caoch
radical lenition
caoch chaoch

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  • Edward Dwelly (1911), “caoch”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎[1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cáech”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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