buruk

Basque

Noun

buruk

  1. ergative indefinite of buru

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay buruk, from Proto-Malayic *buruk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buʀuk, from Proto-Austronesian *buʀuk (“rotten; bad character”).

Pronunciation

  • (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈburuʔ/ [ˈbu.rʊʔ]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -uruʔ
  • Syllabification: bu‧ruk

Adjective

buruk (comparative lebih buruk, superlative paling buruk)

  1. bad
  2. evil
    Synonym: jahat
  3. (uncommon) synonym of busuk (“rotten”)
  4. (uncommon) synonym of jelek (“ugly”)

Affixations

  • buruk-burukkan (“to badmouth”)
  • burukkan (“to make bad; to badmouth”)
  • keburukan (“badness”)
  • memburuk (“to get worse”)
  • pemburukan (“worsening”)
  • perburuk (“to worsen”)
  • terburuk (“worst”)
dialectal
  • berburuk (“to disagree, dispute; to have a bad or wrong take”)
  • berburuk-buruk (“to disagree, dispute (repeatedly)”)
  • burukan (“a type of land”)

Compounds

  • buruk hati (“evil”)
  • buruk mulut (“bad-mouth”)
  • buruk rupa (“ugly”)
  • buruk sangka (“prejudice”)
rare or obsolete
  • buruk ambil (“to have a bad take”)
  • buruk perut (“greedy”)
  • buruk pinta (“unlucky”)
  • buruk selera (“greedy”)
  • buruk siku (“ungrateful”)

Further reading

Javanese

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buʀuk.

Noun

buruk (Javanese script ꦧꦸꦫꦸꦏ꧀)

  1. a kind of chicken disease

Further reading

  • “buruk” in Javanese-Indonesian Dictionary [Kamus Bahasa Jawa-Indonesia], Yogyakarta, Indonesia: The Linguistic Center of Yogyakarta Special [Balai Bahasa Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta], 2023.

Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *buruk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buʀuk, from Proto-Austronesian *buʀuk (“rotten; bad character”).

Pronunciation

  • (Johor-Selangor) IPA(key): /burok/
  • (Riau-Lingga) IPA(key): /burʊk/
  • Rhymes: -urok, -rok, -ok

Adjective

buruk (Jawi spelling بوروق)

  1. old, rotten (as in wood or metal)
  2. decayed (of fruit or food)
  3. (figurative) bad (of character)

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

  • keburukan [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
  • seburuk-buruk [reduplication + comparability] (redup + se-)
  • perburuk [causative passive] (peR-)
  • burukkan [causative benefactive] (-kan)
  • memburuk [agent focus] (meN-)
  • memburukkan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
  • diburukkan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
  • terburuk [agentless action] (teR-)
  • memperburukkan [causative agent focus + causative benefactive] (mempeR- + -kan)
  • diperburukkan [causative passive focus + causative benefactive] (dipeR- + -kan)
  • buruk-buruk [reduplication] (redup)

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:

Descendants

  • Indonesian: buruk
  • → Cebuano: bulok
  • → Tagalog: bulok

References

Sundanese

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buʀuk, probably via Malay buruk.

Adjective

buruk (Sundanese script ᮘᮥᮛᮥᮊ᮪)

  1. decayed
  2. rotten

Turkish

Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish بوروق (buruk); equivalent to bur- (“to twist, wring”) +‎ -uk.

Adjective

buruk

  1. acrid, pungent, subacid, having a strong taste that stings the tongue
    Synonym: kekre
  2. twisted, winding, tortile, distorted, contorted, bent out of shape
    Synonym: burulmuş
  3. offended, hurt, feeling emotional pain
    Synonyms: güçenmiş, incinmiş

Declension

Predicative forms of buruk
present tense
positive declarative positive interrogative
ben (I am) buruğum buruk muyum?
sen (you are) buruksun buruk musun?
o (he/she/it is) buruk / buruktur buruk mu?
biz (we are) buruğuz buruk muyuz?
siz (you are) buruksunuz buruk musunuz?
onlar (they are) buruk(lar) buruk(lar) mı?
past tense
positive declarative positive interrogative
ben (I was) buruktum buruk muydum?
sen (you were) buruktun buruk muydun?
o (he/she/it was) buruktu buruk muydu?
biz (we were) buruktuk buruk muyduk?
siz (you were) buruktunuz buruk muydunuz?
onlar (they were) buruktular buruk muydular?
indirect past
positive declarative positive interrogative
ben (I was) burukmuşum buruk muymuşum?
sen (you were) burukmuşsun buruk muymuşsun?
o (he/she/it was) burukmuş buruk muymuş?
biz (we were) burukmuşuz buruk muymuşuz?
siz (you were) burukmuşsunuz buruk muymuşsunuz?
onlar (they were) burukmuşlar buruk muymuşlar?
conditional
positive declarative positive interrogative
ben (if I) buruksam buruk muysam?
sen (if you) buruksan buruk muysan?
o (if he/she/it) buruksa buruk muysa?
biz (if we) buruksak buruk muysak?
siz (if you) buruksanız buruk muysanız?
onlar (if they) buruksalar buruk muysalar?

For negative forms, use the appropriate form of değil.

Derived terms

  • buruk buruk
  • burukça
  • buruklaşmak
  • burukluk
  • buruksu

Further reading

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