Egyptian
FWOTD – 19 May 2021
Etymology
Compare Proto-Semitic *birk- (“knee”), with a possible semantic relation of "knee" > "to kneel" > "to serve" > "to work".
Pronunciation
- (noun): (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈbaːʀak/ → /ˈbaːʀak/ → /ˈbaːʔək/ → /ˈβoːʔək/
Verb
3-lit.
- (intransitive) to work (+ m: on (something); + n: for (someone))
- (intransitive) to render service
- (intransitive) to pay taxes
- (transitive) to produce or improve, to work
Inflection
Conjugation of bꜣk (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: bꜣk, geminated stem: bꜣkk
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
bꜣk
|
bꜣkw, bꜣk
|
bꜣkt
|
bꜣk
|
bꜣk
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
bꜣk
|
ḥr bꜣk
|
m bꜣk
|
r bꜣk
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
bꜣk.n
|
bꜣkw, bꜣk
|
consecutive
|
bꜣk.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
bꜣkt
|
| perfective3
|
bꜣk
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
bꜣk.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
bꜣk
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
bꜣk
|
bꜣkk
|
potentialis1
|
bꜣk.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
bꜣk
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
bꜣk.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
bꜣk
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
bꜣk
|
bꜣk, bꜣkw5, bꜣky5
|
| imperfective
|
bꜣk, bꜣky, bꜣkw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
bꜣk, bꜣkj6, bꜣky6
|
bꜣk, bꜣkw5
|
| prospective
|
bꜣk, bꜣktj7
|
—
|
bꜣktj4, bꜣkt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Derived terms
Noun
m
- (male) servant
Inflection
Declension of bꜣk (masculine)
| singular
|
bꜣk
|
| dual
|
bꜣkwj
|
| plural
|
bꜣkw
|
Derived terms
Descendants
- Demotic: (bk)
- Bohairic Coptic: ⲃⲱⲕ (bōk)
- Fayyumic Coptic: ⲃⲱⲕ (bōk)
References
- Hoch, James (1997), Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 41
- ^ Osing, Jürgen (1976), Die Nominalbildung des Ägyptischen, Mainz/Rhein: von Zabern, →ISBN, pages 213, 394, 751