aithris

Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Irish aithris f (“relation; imitation”).[2]

Noun

aithris f (genitive singular as substantive aithrise, genitive as verbal noun aithriste)

  1. verbal noun of aithris
  2. narration
  3. imitation
  4. mimicry
Declension
Verbal noun
Declension of aithris (second declension, no plural)
bare forms
singular
nominative aithris
vocative a aithris
genitive aithriste
dative aithris
forms with the definite article
singular
nominative an aithris
genitive na haithriste
dative leis an aithris
don aithris
Substantive
Declension of aithris (second declension, no plural)
bare forms
singular
nominative aithris
vocative a aithris
genitive aithrise
dative aithris
forms with the definite article
singular
nominative an aithris
genitive na haithrise
dative leis an aithris
don aithris
Alternative forms

Etymology 2

From Old Irish aithrisid (“repeats, tells; imitates”, verb),[3] from aithris f.

Verb

aithris (present analytic aithrisíonn, future analytic aithriseoidh, verbal noun aithris, past participle aithriste) or
aithris (present analytic aithriseann, future analytic aithrisfidh, verbal noun aithris, past participle aithriste) (ambitransitive)

  1. narrate, recite
  2. imitate
  3. mimic, mock
Conjugation
conjugation of aithris (second conjugation)
verbal noun aithris
past participle aithriste
tense singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative
present aithrisím aithrisíonn tú;
aithrisír† 		aithrisíonn sé, sí aithrisímid;
aithrisíonn muid 		aithrisíonn sibh aithrisíonn siad;
aithrisíd† 		a aithrisíonn; a aithrisíos /
a n-aithrisíonn* 		aithrisítear
past d'aithris mé; d'aithrisíos /
aithris mé‡; aithrisíos‡ 		d'aithris tú; d'aithrisís /
aithris tú‡; aithrisís‡ 		d'aithris sé, sí /
aithris sé, sí‡ 		d'aithrisíomar; d'aithris muid /
aithrisíomar‡; aithris muid‡ 		d'aithris sibh; d'aithrisíobhair /
aithris sibh‡; aithrisíobhair‡ 		d'aithris siad; d'aithrisíodar /
aithris siad‡; aithrisíodar‡ 		a d'aithris /
ar aithris* 		aithrisíodh;
haithrisíodh†
past habitual d'aithrisínn /
aithrisínn‡; n-aithrisínn‡‡ 		d'aithrisíteá /
aithrisíteá‡; n-aithrisíteᇇ 		d'aithrisíodh sé, sí /
aithrisíodh sé, sí‡; n-aithrisíodh sé, s퇇 		d'aithrisímis; d'aithrisíodh muid /
aithrisímis‡; aithrisíodh muid‡; n-aithrisímis‡‡; n-aithrisíodh muid‡‡ 		d'aithrisíodh sibh /
aithrisíodh sibh‡; n-aithrisíodh sibh‡‡ 		d'aithrisídís; d'aithrisíodh siad /
aithrisídís; aithrisíodh siad‡; n-aithrisídís‡‡; n-aithrisíodh siad‡‡ 		a d'aithrisíodh /
a n-aithrisíodh* 		d'aithrisítí /
aithrisítí‡; n-aithrisít퇇
future aithriseoidh mé;
aithriseod;
aithriseochaidh mé† 		aithriseoidh tú;
aithriseoir†;
aithriseochaidh tú† 		aithriseoidh sé, sí;
aithriseochaidh sé, sí† 		aithriseoimid;
aithriseoidh muid;
aithriseochaimid†;
aithriseochaidh muid† 		aithriseoidh sibh;
aithriseochaidh sibh† 		aithriseoidh siad;
aithriseoid†;
aithriseochaidh siad† 		a aithriseoidh; a aithriseos; a aithriseochaidh†; a aithriseochas† /
a n-aithriseoidh*; a n-aithriseochaidh*† 		aithriseofar; aithriseochar†
conditional d'aithriseoinn; d'aithriseochainn† / aithriseoinn‡; aithriseochainn†‡; n-aithriseoinn‡‡; n-aithriseochainn†‡‡ d'aithriseofá; d'aithriseochthᆠ/ aithriseofá‡; aithriseochthᆇ; n-aithriseofᇇ; n-aithriseochthᆇ‡ d'aithriseodh sé, sí; d'aithriseochadh sé, s토/ aithriseodh sé, sí‡; aithriseochadh sé, s톇; n-aithriseodh sé, s퇇; n-aithriseochadh sé, s톇‡ d'aithriseoimis; d'aithriseodh muid; d'aithriseochaimis†; d'aithriseochadh muid† / aithriseoimis‡; aithriseodh muid‡; aithriseochaimis†‡; aithriseochadh muid†‡; n-aithriseoimis‡‡; n-aithriseodh muid‡‡; n-aithriseochaimis†‡‡; n-aithriseochadh muid†‡‡ d'aithriseodh sibh; d'aithriseochadh sibh† / aithriseodh sibh‡; aithriseochadh sibh†‡; n-aithriseodh sibh‡‡; n-aithriseochadh sibh†‡‡ d'aithriseoidís; d'aithriseodh siad; d'aithriseochadh siad† / aithriseoidís‡; aithriseodh siad‡; aithriseochadh siad†‡; n-aithriseoidís‡‡; n-aithriseodh siad‡‡; n-aithriseochadh siad†‡‡ a d'aithriseodh; a d'aithriseochadh† /
a n-aithriseodh*; a n-aithriseochadh*† 		d'aithriseofaí; d'aithriseochtha토/ aithriseofaí‡; aithriseochtha톇; n-aithriseofa퇇; n-aithriseochtha톇‡
subjunctive
present go n-aithrisí mé;
go n-aithrisíod† 		go n-aithrisí tú;
go n-aithrisír† 		go n-aithrisí sé, sí go n-aithrisímid;
go n-aithrisí muid 		go n-aithrisí sibh go n-aithrisí siad;
go n-aithrisíd† 		— go n-aithrisítear
past dá n-aithrisínn dá n-aithrisíteá dá n-aithrisíodh sé, sí dá n-aithrisímis;
dá n-aithrisíodh muid 		dá n-aithrisíodh sibh dá n-aithrisídís;
dá n-aithrisíodh siad 		— dá n-aithrisítí
imperative
– aithrisím aithris aithrisíodh sé, sí aithrisímis aithrisígí;
aithrisídh† 		aithrisídís — aithrisítear

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis (except an)

Alternative conjugation
conjugation of aithris (first conjugation – B)
verbal noun aithris
past participle aithriste
tense singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative
present aithrisim aithriseann tú;
aithrisir† 		aithriseann sé, sí aithrisimid aithriseann sibh aithriseann siad;
aithrisid† 		a aithriseann; a aithriseas /
a n-aithriseann* 		aithristear
past d'aithris mé; d'aithriseas /
aithris mé‡; aithriseas‡ 		d'aithris tú; d'aithrisis /
aithris tú‡; aithrisis‡ 		d'aithris sé, sí /
aithris sé, sí‡ 		d'aithriseamar; d'aithris muid /
aithriseamar‡; aithris muid‡ 		d'aithris sibh; d'aithriseabhair /
aithris sibh‡; aithriseabhair‡ 		d'aithris siad; d'aithriseadar /
aithris siad; aithriseadar‡ 		a d'aithris /
ar aithris* 		aithriseadh;
haithriseadh†
past habitual d'aithrisinn /
aithrisinn‡; n-aithrisinn‡‡ 		d'aithristeá /
aithristeá‡; n-aithristeᇇ 		d'aithriseadh sé, sí /
aithriseadh sé, sí‡; n-aithriseadh sé, s퇇 		d'aithrisimis; d'aithriseadh muid /
aithrisimis‡; aithriseadh muid‡; n-aithrisimis‡‡; n-aithriseadh muid‡‡ 		d'aithriseadh sibh /
aithriseadh sibh‡; n-aithriseadh sibh‡‡ 		d'aithrisidís; d'aithriseadh siad /
aithrisidís‡; aithriseadh siad‡; n-aithrisidís‡‡; n-aithriseadh siad‡‡ 		a d'aithriseadh /
a n-aithriseadh* 		d'aithristí /
aithristí‡; n-aithrist퇇
future aithrisfidh mé;
aithrisfead 		aithrisfidh tú;
aithrisfir† 		aithrisfidh sé, sí aithrisfimid;
aithrisfidh muid 		aithrisfidh sibh aithrisfidh siad;
aithrisfid† 		a aithrisfidh; a aithrisfeas /
a n-aithrisfidh* 		aithrisfear
conditional d'aithrisfinn / aithrisfinn‡; n-aithrisfinn‡‡ d'aithrisfeá / aithrisfeá‡; n-aithrisfeᇇ d'aithrisfeadh sé, sí / aithrisfeadh sé, sí‡; n-aithrisfeadh sé, s퇇 d'aithrisfimis; d'aithrisfeadh muid / aithrisfimis‡; aithrisfeadh muid‡; n-aithrisfimis‡‡; n-aithrisfeadh muid‡‡ d'aithrisfeadh sibh / aithrisfeadh sibh‡; n-aithrisfeadh sibh‡‡ d'aithrisfidís; d'aithrisfeadh siad / aithrisfidís‡; aithrisfeadh siad‡; n-aithrisfidís‡‡; n-aithrisfeadh siad‡‡ a d'aithrisfeadh /
a n-aithrisfeadh* 		d'aithrisfí / aithrisfí‡; n-aithrisf퇇
subjunctive
present go n-aithrise mé;
go n-aithrisead† 		go n-aithrise tú;
go n-aithrisir† 		go n-aithrise sé, sí go n-aithrisimid;
go n-aithrise muid 		go n-aithrise sibh go n-aithrise siad;
go n-aithrisid† 		— go n-aithristear
past dá n-aithrisinn dá n-aithristeá dá n-aithriseadh sé, sí dá n-aithrisimis;
dá n-aithriseadh muid 		dá n-aithriseadh sibh dá n-aithrisidís;
dá n-aithriseadh siad 		— dá n-aithristí
imperative
– aithrisim aithris aithriseadh sé, sí aithrisimis aithrisigí;
aithrisidh† 		aithrisidís — aithristear

*indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis (except an)

Derived terms

Mutation

Mutated forms of aithris
radical eclipsis with h-prothesis with t-prothesis
aithris n-aithris haithris not applicable

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931), Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 246, page 124
  2. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “aithris”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  3. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “aithrisid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish aithris (“act of telling, relating; relation, account; act of imitating, copying; imitation; example”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈaɾʲɪʃ/
  • Hyphenation: aith‧ris

Verb

aithris (past dh'aithris, future aithrisidh, verbal noun aithris, past participle aithriste)

  1. report, relate, recite, allege, repeat
  2. narrate, enunciate, rehearse
  3. quote, tell
  4. imitate

Conjugation

Conjugation of aithris (regular)
stem aithris
verbal noun aithris
past participle aithriste
singular plural impersonal
first second third m/f first second third
independent past dh'aithris mi dh'aithris tu dh'aithris e/i dh'aithris sinn dh'aithris sibh dh'aithris iad dh'aithriseadh
future aithrisidh mi aithrisidh tu aithrisidh e/i aithrisidh sinn aithrisidh sibh aithrisidh iad aithrisear
aithristear
conditional dh'aithrisinn dh'aithriseadh tu dh'aithriseadh e/i dh'aithriseamaid
dh'aithriseadh sinn 		dh'aithriseadh sibh dh'aithriseadh iad dh'aithristeadh
dh'aithrisist1
dh'aithrisiste1
negative past cha do dh'aithris mi cha do dh'aithris tu cha do dh'aithris e/i cha do dh'aithris sinn cha do dh'aithris sibh cha do dh'aithris iad cha do dh'aithriseadh
future chan aithris mi chan aithris tu chan aithris e/i chan aithris sinn chan aithris sibh chan aithris iad chan aithrisear
chan aithristear
conditional chan aithrisinn chan aithriseadh tu chan aithriseadh e/i chan aithriseamaid
chan aithriseadh sinn 		chan aithriseadh sibh chan aithriseadh iad chan aithristeadh
chan aithrisist1
chan aithrisiste1
affirmative
interrogative 		past an do dh'aithris mi? an do dh'aithris tu? an do dh'aithris e/i? an do dh'aithris sinn? an do dh'aithris sibh? an do dh'aithris iad? an do dh'aithriseadh?
future an aithris mi? an aithris tu? an aithris e/i? an aithris sinn? an aithris sibh? an aithris iad? an aithrisear?
an aithristear?
conditional an aithrisinn? an aithriseadh tu? an aithriseadh e/i? an aithriseamaid?
an aithriseadh sinn? 		an aithriseadh sibh? an aithriseadh iad? an aithristeadh?
an aithrisist?1
an aithrisiste?1
negative
interrogative 		past nach do dh'aithris mi? nach do dh'aithris tu? nach do dh'aithris e/i? nach do dh'aithris sinn? nach do dh'aithris sibh? nach do dh'aithris iad? nach do dh'aithriseadh?
future nach aithris mi? nach aithris tu? nach aithris e/i? nach aithris sinn? nach aithris sibh? nach aithris iad? nach aithrisear?
nach aithristear?
conditional nach aithrisinn? nach aithriseadh tu? nach aithriseadh e/i? nach aithriseamaid?
nach aithriseadh sinn? 		nach aithriseadh sibh? nach aithriseadh iad? nach aithristeadh?
nach aithrisist?1
nach aithrisiste?1
relative
future 		affirmative (ma) dh'aithriseas mi (ma) dh'aithriseas tu (ma) dh'aithriseas e/i (ma) dh'aithriseas sinn (ma) dh'aithriseas sibh (ma) dh'aithriseas iad (ma) dh'aithrisear
negative (mur) aithris mi (mur) aithris tu (mur) aithris e/i (mur) aithris sinn (mur) aithris sibh (mur) aithris iad (mur) aithrisear
(mur) aithristear
imperative aithriseam aithris aithriseadh e/i aithriseamaid aithrisibh aithriseadh iad aithrisear
aithristear

1 Lewis dialect form

Derived terms

  • aithris-leabhar (“commonplace book, notebook, day-book”)
  • ath-aithris (“repeat, imitate”)
  • atharrais (“re-tell, imitate”)
  • mì-aithris (“miscite”)
  • roimh-aithris (“previously rehearse; forebode, foretell”)

Noun

aithris f (genitive singular aithrise, plural aithrisean)

  1. verbal noun of aithris
  2. report, allegation, narration, narrative
  3. recitation, rehearsal, recital
  4. report, statement
  5. imitation
  6. tradition, tale

Declension

Declension of aithris (class IIb feminine noun)
indefinite
singular plural
nominative aithris aithrisean
genitive aithrise, aithris aithrisean
dative aithris aithrisean; aithrisibh✝
definite
singular plural
nominative (an) aithris (na) h-aithrisean
genitive (na) h-aithrise, h-aithris (nan) aithrisean
dative (an) aithris (na) h-aithrisean; h-aithrisibh✝
vocative aithris aithrisean

✝ obsolete form, used until the 19th century

Derived terms

  • às-aithris (“quotation”)
  • beul-aithris (“oral representation or tradition”)
  • buaidh-aithriseach (“attributive”)
  • feall-aithris (“pretence”)
  • fìor-aithris (“veracity, speaking of truth, true tale”)
  • roimh-aithris (“previous rehearsal; foreboding, foretelling”)

References

  • Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “aithris”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  • Edward Dwelly (1911), “aithris”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎[1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
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