Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/wu

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

  • *bu (per Werner 2002)
  • *wV-, *mV- (per Starostin 1994-2005)[1]
  • *u- (for Pre-Proto-Yeniseian), *bu (for Proto-Yeniseian, per Vajda-Werner 2022)
  • *bu (per Fortescue-Vajda 2022)
  • *wu-, *bu- (per Cologne group 2023. Pattern: b.2- or b.1-?)

Etymology

Potentially derived from the same etymon as Proto-Yeniseian *w- (third person agreement prefix).

Compared to Proto-Na-Dene *wu (third person animate pronoun); Proto-Athabaskan *wə- (third person possessive prefix),[2] Eyak ʔu- (“his, her, their”, third person possessive prefix) and Tlingit a- (ʔuˑ-, “its”, third person possessive prefix).[3]

Cologne group (2023), whom are nominally indifferent to the Dené-Yeniseian hypothesis given above, posits a potential loan word character for this item, comparing Proto-Common Turkic *bū (“this, that one”), but this explanation is not without its various problems, most discrediting of which is the supposed time-frame or the motivation for such an acquisition to occur at all.

Pronoun

*wu (plural *wuVŋ)

  1. he, she, they; him, her, them; third person singular animate pronoun
    Synonym: *xʷad (third person singular animate pronoun)

Descendants

  • Ketic:
    • ⇒ Imbak Ket: búhen (M., W.), buhoŋen (M.), bugám (Ad.)
    • Ket: бу (bū)
    • Yug: бу (bū)
  • Kottic:
    • ⇒ Assan: bari (“he”) (M., W., Kl.)
    • Kott: uju (“he”), uja (“she”) (C.)
  • ⇒ Proto-Yeniseian: *win (“self, oneself”)
    • Ketic:
      • Ket: бин (bīˑn)
      • Ostyak Yug: bien (C.)
        • Yug: бинду (bíndu, “he himself”), бинда (bínda, “she herself”)
    • Kottic:
      • Kott: mintu (“he himself”), minta (“she herself”) (C.)

See also

  • Proto-Yeniseian entry guidelines § Bibliography

References

  1. ^ https://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=755&root=config
  2. ^ Leer, Jeff (1996), Comparative Athabaskan Lexicon‎[1], volume wE (new), Alaska Native Language Archive, pages [unmarked, first and second pages]
  3. ^ Twitchell, X̱ʼunei Lance (2020), Tlingit Online Dictionary, Juneau, Alaska: Independently published, supported by Goldbelt Heritage Foundation and the University of Alaska Southeast, →ISBN, pages 4-5

Further reading

  • Bonmann, Svenja; Fries, Simon; Korobzow, Natalie; Günther, Laura; Hill, Eugen (2023), “'he, she'”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part I: Word-Initial Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[2], number 5, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 47-48 of 39-82
  • Bonmann, Svenja; Fries, Simon; Korobzow, Natalie; Günther, Laura; Hill, Eugen (2023), “'self'”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part I: Word-Initial Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[3], number 5, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 49 of 39-82
  • Fortescue, Michael; Vajda, Edward (2022), “129.) ~*wu”, in Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 388
  • Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), “*bin (1)”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), volume 1, Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, pages 138-139
  • Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), “*bu”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), volume 1, Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 162
  • Vajda, Edward (2024), The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[5], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 375
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002), “bin < (2) biˀn”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 1, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 129
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002), “(1) bu”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 1, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 146
  • Werner, Heinrich (2005), “he”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 301
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