Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/tʳejkʷ

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

*tʰigə (per Werner 2002)
*tVχV, *tVɢV (per Starostin 1994-2005)^[1]
*tʰig (per Vajda-Werner 2022)
*tʳejx (per Fortescue-Vajda 2022)

Etymology

Compared to Proto-Athabaskan *tš’ʳiˑxʸ, *tš’ʷiˑx (“canoe”).^[2]^[3]^[4]

Noun

*tʳejkʷ (plural *tʳejkʷ-Vŋ)

(nautical, vehicles) boat, large boat; any water vessel
Synonym: *ɢajb (“boat, small boat”)

Descendants

Ketic:
- Ket: тии (tíì, tîː), тиʼ (tiˀ, “boat; board used in a boat, hollowed out tree trunk for use in boat-making”, singular), тиӈ (tīˑŋ, plural) (Southern dialects)^[5]
  - ⇒ Ket: дыльтии (dɨ̄ˑlʲtíì, dɨ̄ˑlʲtîː, “canoe”, literally “small-boat”)
- Ostyak Yug: tii (M.)
  - Yug: тии (tiː, tîː)
- → Yakut: тыы (tıı, “a light skiff, a boat”)
Arinic:
- Arin: taj (H.)
Pumpokolic:
- Pumpokol: tyg (M.), tɨg (“boat, ship”) (W., VW., Kl.)

⇒ Proto-Yeniseian: *xuɬ-tʳejkʷ (“riverboat”, literally “water-vessel”)
- Kottic:
  - Assan: ultéːj (M.), uttéːj (Kl.)
- Arinic:
  - Arin: kultéːj (“riverboat made of birch bark or leather”) (M., Kl.)

References

^ https://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=748&root=config
^ Leer, Jeff (1996), Comparative Athabaskan Lexicon‎^[1], volume tsh(r)1e-tsh(r)1u, Alaska Native Language Archive, page 108
^ Krauss, Michael E. (2005), “Athabaskan Tone”, in Athabaskan Prosody, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, →ISBN, pages 51-136
^ Wilson, Joseph A. P. (2023), “Late Holocene Technology Words in Proto-Athabaskan: Implication for Dene-Yeniseian Culture History”, in Humans, number 3, →DOI, page 180, 190 of 177-192
^ Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), Большой словарь кетского языка, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, page 377

Fortescue, Michael; Vajda, Edward (2022), “74.) ~*tʳejx”, in Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 360
Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), “*tʰig”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), volume 2, Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 883
Vajda, Edward (2024), “*tʳejkʷ”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎^[3], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 420
Werner, Heinrich (2002), “³ti: (II)”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 2, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 268
Werner, Heinrich (2005), “boat”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 285

[1] ttps://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=748&root=config

[2] Leer, Jeff (1996), Comparative Athabaskan Lexicon‎^[1], volume tsh(r)1e-tsh(r)1u, Alaska Native Language Archive, page 108

[3] Krauss, Michael E. (2005), “Athabaskan Tone”, in Athabaskan Prosody, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, →ISBN, pages 51-136

[4] Wilson, Joseph A. P. (2023), “Late Holocene Technology Words in Proto-Athabaskan: Implication for Dene-Yeniseian Culture History”, in Humans, number 3, →DOI, page 180, 190 of 177-192

[5] Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), Большой словарь кетского языка, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, page 377

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