Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/qag

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

**Proto-Yeniseian numbers ^(edit)**
^{[a], [b]} ← 1	← 7	10
		1^{[a], [b]}
Cardinal: qag Ordinal: qagwasVŋʷ Adverbial: qagpa Collective: qagɟe

Alternative reconstructions

*qogə (per Werner 2002)
*χɔɢa (per Starostin 1994-2005)^[1]
*qogʌ, *qagʌ (per Vajda-Werner 2022)
*qʰ^?ok (per Cologne group 2024. Pattern: q.1-k.2)^[2]

Etymology

Back-formation from *qag-Vŋʷ (“full”), referring to the finger counting.

Numeral

*qag (ordinal *qag-was-Vŋʷ)

(cardinal number) ten, 10

Descendants

Ketic:
- Imbak Ket: xojum (Mes.; Eed-Šeš dialect)
- Imbak Ket: kogem (M.), kogom (Kl., W., VW.), kogon, kon (Ad.)
  - Ket: ӄө (qō)
  - Ket: ӄөсь (qōsʲ, counting form)
- Ostyak Yug: xogem (F.)
  - Yug: хо (χō)
  - Yug: хос (χōs), хошь (χōšʲ), хосэ (χosɛ, counting form)
Kottic:
- Assan: hagiaŋ (animate) (M., Kl., F., W., VW.)
- Assan: xaha (inanimate) (M., Kl., F., W., VW.)
- Kott: haga (Str.; Kamasin dialect)
- Kott: haga (Mes., F., P.; Kojbal dialect)
- Kott: haga (M., Kl., W., VW.), hâga (C.), xakče (H.)
Arinic:
- Arin: qoa (M., Kl., F., W., VW.), hioga (Str.), kova (H.)
Pumpokolic:
- Pumpokol: chaiàng (M.), xajáŋ (W.), xaijaŋ (animate) (Kl., VW.)

References

^ https://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=804&root=config
^ Hill, Eugen; Fries, Simon; Korobzow, Natalie; Günther, Laura; Svenja, Bonmann (2024), “Coda-k.2 (Table 21)”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎^[1], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 279 of 216-293

Hill, Eugen; Fries, Simon; Korobzow, Natalie; Günther, Laura; Svenja, Bonmann (2024), “'10'^b”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎^[2], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 246 of 216-293
Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), “*qogʌ < *qagʌ (1, 2)”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, pages 678-679
Vajda, Edward (2024), The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎^[3], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 440-441
Werner, Heinrich (2002), “¹qoˑ (III)”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 126
Werner, Heinrich (2005), “ten”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 327

[1] ttps://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=804&root=config

[2] Hill, Eugen; Fries, Simon; Korobzow, Natalie; Günther, Laura; Svenja, Bonmann (2024), “Coda-k.2 (Table 21)”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎^[1], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 279 of 216-293

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