Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kȫl

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

According to Bonmann and Fries et al. (2025), borrowed from Proto-Yeniseian *xuɬ (“water”)[1] via Old Arin *kul, around the time of the Xiōngnú Confederacy.

According to Doerfer (1967), perhaps borrowed from Middle Persian 𐫐𐫇𐫓 (kwl /⁠kōl⁠/, “pit, sink”), whence Persian کول (kôl, “pit, lake”).[2] This is supported by Monshizadeh.[3] Nişanyan deems the Middle Persian word a cognate.[4]

Noun

*kȫl

  1. lake

Declension

Declension of *kȫl
singular 3)
nominative *kȫl
accusative *kȫlüg, *kȫlni1)
genitive *kȫlnüŋ
dative *kȫlke
locative *kȫlte
ablative *kȫlten
allative *kȫlgerü
instrumental 2) *kȫlün
equative 2) *kȫlče
similative 2) *kȫlleyü
comitative 2) *kȫllügü
1) Originally used only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

  • Oghur:
    • Chuvash: кӳлӗ (külĕ)
  • Common Turkic:
  • → Tajik: кӯл (kül)
  • Oghuz:
  • Karluk:
  • Kipchak:
  • Siberian Turkic:
    • Old Turkic:
      • Orkhon Turkic: 𐰚‬𐰇‬𐰠 (k‬ü‬l²‬ /⁠köl⁠/)
      • Old Uyghur: 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐾁 (kwyl /⁠köl⁠/)
    • North Siberian:
    • South Siberian:
      • Yenisei:

References

  1. ^ Bonmann, Svenja; Fries, Simon (2025), “Linguistic Evidence Suggests That Xiōng-nú and Huns Spoke the Same Paleo-Siberian Language”, in Transactions of the Philological Society‎[1], volume 0, →DOI, page 9 of 1-24
  2. ^ Doerfer, Gerhard (1967), Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20)‎[2] (in German), volume III, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 645
  3. ^ Monshizadeh, Davud (1990), Wörter aus Xurāsān und ihre Herkunft Language‎[3], →ISBN, page 109
  4. ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “göl”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Further reading

  • Räsänen, Martti (1969), “kȫl”, in Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 288
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972), “kö:l (g-)”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 715
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