Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/bitig

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Composed of *biti- (“to wtite”) +‎ *-g (deverbal noun suffix).

Noun

*bitig

  1. any written material; letter, writing, book

Declension

Declension of *bitig
singular 3)
nominative *bitig
accusative *bitigig, *bitigni1)
genitive *bitigniŋ
dative *bitigke
locative *bitigde
ablative *bitigden
allative *bitiggerü
instrumental 2) *bitigin
equative 2) *bitigče
similative 2) *bitigleyü
comitative 2) *bitigligü
1) Originally used only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

  • Oghur:
  • → Hungarian: betű (“letter”)
    • ⇒ Chuvash: пӗтӳ (pĕt̬ü, “amulet”)
  • Proto-Common Turkic: *bitig
  • → Para-Mongolic:
    • Rouran: [Term?] (/⁠bitig⁠/)?[1]
    • Proto-Mongolic: *bičig (from Pre-Proto-Mongolic *bitig)
  • Proto-Oghuz: *bitig
    • West Oghuz:
      • Old Anatolian Turkish: بِتى (biti, “letter, written document”)
        • Azerbaijani: bitik (archaic)
        • Ottoman Turkish: بتى (biti, “letter, written document; memory (literature); bill, document”)
          • Turkish: biti (“letter, post; amulet; notebook; book; forme; amulet; credentials, document, compass, licence; clerk”) (dialectal)
    • East Oghuz:
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: بِتِكٔ (bitig, bitik)
      • Khorezmian Turkic:
        • → Bulgar: بطك (bitik)
        • Chagatai: بیتیک (bitig, bitik)
          • Uzbek: bitik
          • Uyghur: بېتىك (bëtik)
  • Kipchak:
    • Kipchak: بتو (bitüv, bitiv), بتی (biti), بتك (bitik)[2]
    • North Kipchak:
      • Bashkir: бетеү (betew, “amulet”)
      • Tatar: бөти (böti, “letter, amulet”)
    • West Kipchak:
      • Karaim: битик (bitik)
      • Kumyk: битик (bitik, “amulet”)
    • South Kipchak:
      • Caspian:
        • Kazakh: бітік (bıtık, “letter, scripture”)
  • Siberian:
    • Old Turkic:
      • Orkhon Turkic: 𐰋𐰃𐱅𐰏 (b²it²g /⁠bitig⁠/)
        • → Turkish: betik (learned)
      • Old Uyghur: 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷 (pytyk /⁠bitig⁠/)
        • Western Yugur: pəhtəɣ, pəhtəkki (“book, writing, Buddhist scripture; letter, alphabet”)[3]

References

  1. ^ Vovin, Alexander (2019), “A Sketch of the Earliest Mongolic Languages: the Brahmi Bugut and Khuis Tolgoi Inscriptions”, in Academia.edu‎[1]
  2. ^ Toparlı, Recep (2007), Kıpçak Türkçesi Sözlüğü‎[2], 2nd edition, Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, →ISBN, page 33
  3. ^ Roos, Marti (2000), The Western Yugur (Yellow Uyghur) Language. Grammar, Texts, Vocabulary, Leiden: University of Leiden, page 338

Further reading

  • Clauson, Gerard (1972), “bitig”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 303
  • The template Template:R:otk:DTS does not use the parameter(s): 
    entry=bitig
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    Nadeljajev, V. M.; Nasilov, D. M.; Tenišev, E. R.; Ščerbak, A. M., editors (1969), Drevnetjurkskij slovarʹ [Dictionary of Old Turkic] (in Russian), Leningrad: USSR Academy of Sciences, Nauka, page 103
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