Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-mi

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

*-mu

Alternative forms

*-mï

Postposition

*-mi

interrogative particle.
‎*ölti (“he/she/it died”) + ‎*-mi → ‎*ölti mü? (“Did he/she/it die?”)

Usage notes

Much like *ök, it adheres to the vowel harmony of the word that comes before it.
‎*bu (“this”) + ‎*-mi → ‎*bu mu? (“Is it this?”)

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: -и (-i), -им (-im)
Common Turkic:

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish: می (-mi)
  - Azerbaijani: mi, mı, mu, mü
  - Ottoman Turkish: می (-mi)
    - Turkish: mi, mı, mu, mü
    - Gagauz: mi, mı, mu, mü
- Turkmen: -mi, -my, -mu, -mü
- Salar: mu, mo, mi
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (-mu)
  - Chagatai:
    - Uzbek: -mi
      - → Tajik: (dialectal) -мӣ (-mi)
    - Uyghur: مۇ (mu)
Kipchak:
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: -mi, -mı, -mu, -mü
  - Karachay-Balkar: -ми (-mi), -мы (-mı), -му (-mu), -мү
  - Kumyk: -ми (-mi), -мы (-mı), -му (-mu), -мү
  - Karaim: [script needed] (-mo)
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: -ме (-me), -мы (-mı)
  - Tatar: -ме (-me), -мы (-mı)
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Kazakh: бе (be), ме (me), пе (pe), ма (ma) па (pa), ба (ba)
    - Nogai: -ме (-me), -ма (-ma)
    - Karakalpak: -ma, -me
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: -би (-bi), -ми (-mi), -пи (-pi), -мы (-mı) -пы (-pı), -бы (-bı), -бу (-bu), -му (-mu), -пу (-pu), -мү (-mü), -пү (-pü), -бү (-bü)
    - Southern Altai: -ба (-ba), -па (-pa), -бе (-be), -пе (-pe), -бо (-bo), -по (-po), -бӧ (-bö), -пӧ (-pö)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic:
  - Old Turkic: 𐰢𐰆 (mu), 𐰍𐰆 (γu) (as in bar γu?)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan:
    - Tuvan: [script needed] (be)
  - Yenisei:
    - Shor: [script needed] (-be), [script needed] (-ba)
    - Khakas: [script needed] (-ma), [script needed] (-me)