Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/uxo

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *auš- (or possibly *auši-, if reconstructed as an i-stem), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓws. Cognate with Lithuanian ausis, Latvian auss, Old Prussian āusins (accusative plural).

Noun

*ȗxo n

ear

Declension

Declension of *ȗxo (s-stem, accent paradigm c)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ȗxo	*ȗšesi	*ušesà
genitive	*ȗšese	*ušesù	*ušèsъ
dative	*ȗšesi	*ušesьmà	*ušèsьmъ
accusative	*ȗxo	*ȗšesi	*ušesà
instrumental	*ȗšesьmь	*ušesьmà	*ušesý
locative	*ȗšese	*ušesù	*ušèsьxъ
vocative	*ȗxo	*ȗšesi	*ušesà

Declension of *ȗxo (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ȗxo	*ȗśě	*uxà
genitive	*ȗxa	*uxù	*ũxъ
dative	*ȗxu	*uxomà	*uxòmъ
accusative	*ȗxo	*ȗśě	*uxà
instrumental	ȗxъmь, ȗxomь^*	*uxomà	*uxý
locative	*ȗśě	*uxù	*uśě̃xъ
vocative	*ȗxo	*ȗśě	*uxà

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Declension of *ȗši (i-stem, accent paradigm c)
	dual
nominative	*ȗši
genitive	ušьjù, ušu^*
dative	*ušьmà
accusative	*ȗši
instrumental	*ušьmà
locative	ušьjù, ušu^*
vocative	*ȗši

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Traditionally reconstructed as an s-stem. Derksen reconstructs an o-stem instead, while Halla-aho reconstructs an i-stem (*ušь) on the basis of the Baltic evidence and the OCS dual forms, albeit at an earlier stage of Proto-Slavic than that represented here.

Derived terms

*uxačь (“hare”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: ухо (uxo)
  - Old Ruthenian: у́хо (úxo), ву́хо (vúxo)
    - Belarusian: ву́ха (vúxa)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: у́хо (úxo), ву́хо (vúxo)
    - Ukrainian: ву́хо (vúxo)
  - Russian: у́хо (úxo)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: оухо (uxo)
  
  Glagolitic script: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: ухо́ (uhó)
- Macedonian: уво (uvo)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: у̏хо, у̏во
  
  Latin script: ȕho, ȕvo
- Slovene: uhọ̑ (tonal orthography)
West Slavic
- Old Czech: ucho
  - Czech: ucho
- Old Polish: ucho
  - Polish: ucho
  - Silesian: ucho
- Old Slovak: ucho
  - Pannonian Rusyn: ухо (uxo)
  - Slovak: ucho
- Polabian: vaux’ü
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: ùchò
  - Slovincian: wùchô
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: wucho
  - Lower Sorbian: wucho

References

Derksen, Rick (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Halla-aho, Jussi (2006), Problems of Proto-Slavic Historical Nominal Morphology: On the Basis of Old Church Slavic (Slavica Helsingiensia; 26), Helsinki: University of Helsinki