Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/a

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

  • From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō. According to the usual doctrine,[1] the initial form was *h₁ōd, ablative singular of the PIE demonstrative pronoun *éy, h₁e. However, that demonstrative has no such ablative singular attested in any of the daughter languages, so that hypothesis remains unprovable. The same PIE proto-form could have also yielded Sanskrit आत् (ā́t, “so, then, afterwards”) and Avestan 𐬁𐬀𐬝 (āat̰, “afterwards, then”).

    Conjunction

    *a[1][2][3]

    1. but
    2. and
    Descendants
    • East Slavic:
      • Old East Slavic: а (a)
        • Old Ruthenian: а (a)
          • Belarusian: а (a)
          • Carpathian Rusyn: а (a)
          • Ukrainian: а (a)
        • Russian: а (a) (see there for further descendants)
      • Old Novgorodian: а (a)
    • South Slavic:
      • Old Church Slavonic:
        Old Cyrillic script: а (a)
        Glagolitic script: ⰰ (a)
        • Bulgarian: а (a)
      • Macedonian: а (a)
      • Serbo-Croatian:
        Cyrillic script: а
        Latin script: a
      • Slovene: a
    • West Slavic:
      • Old Czech: a
        • Czech: a
      • Old Polish: a
        • Polish: a
        • Silesian: a
      • Polabian: ă
      • Pomeranian:
        • Kashubian: a
        • Slovincian: a
      • Slovak: a
      • Sorbian:
        • Lower Sorbian: a
        • Upper Sorbian: a

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008), “*a”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 25: “conj. ‘and, but’”
    2. ^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “a”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “but, and (PR 146)”
    3. ^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1974), “*a”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 1 (*a – *besědьlivъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 33

    Etymology 2

  • Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ā, from Proto-Indo-European *ā, ultimately a natural expression. Compare Lithuanian à, Latin ā, Ancient Greek ἆ (â), Sanskrit अ (a). Although the Proto-Indo-European form is reconstructed, this interjection could arise at any stage.

    Interjection

    *a[1][2]

    1. Used to express emotions like surprise, pain, displeasure, disapproval; ah!
    Derived terms
    • >? Proto-Slavic: *axъ (inherited)
    Descendants
    • East Slavic:
      • Old East Slavic: а (a)
        • Old Ruthenian: а (a)
          • Belarusian: а (a)
          • Carpathian Rusyn: а (a)
          • Ukrainian: а (a)
        • Russian: а (a) (see there for further descendants)
    • South Slavic:
      • Old Church Slavonic:
        Old Cyrillic script: а (a)
        Glagolitic script: ⰰ (a)
      • Bulgarian: а (a)
      • Macedonian: а (a)
      • Serbo-Croatian:
        Cyrillic script: а
        Latin script: a
      • Slovene: a
    • West Slavic:
      • Old Czech: a
        • Czech: a
      • Old Polish: a
        • Polish: a
        • Silesian: a
      • Pomeranian:
        • Kashubian: a
        • Slovincian: a
      • Slovak: a
      • Sorbian:
        • Lower Sorbian: a
        • Upper Sorbian: a

    References

    1. ^ Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974), “a!”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 1 (a – bьzděti), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 145
    2. ^ Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “a!”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 17
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