Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-enikъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

  • Subclass of the broader suffix *-nikъ, particularly formed on the basis of the past passive participle suffix *-enъ +‎ *-ikъ.

    Suffix

    *-enikъ m

    1. From verbs in i-conjugation, predominantly forms agent nouns.
      ‎*galiti (“to fondle”) + ‎*-enikъ → ‎*gaľenikъ (“darling”)
      ‎*mǫčiti (“to torture”) + ‎*-enikъ → ‎*mǫčenikъ (“martyr”)
      ‎*portiti (“to envoy”) + ‎*-enikъ → ‎*portenikъ (“envoy”)
      ‎*svętiti (“to sanctify”) + ‎*-enikъ → ‎*svęťenikъ (“priest”)
      ‎*učiti (“to teach”) + ‎*-enikъ → ‎*učenikъ (“student”)
    2. (rare) From action or abstract nouns, forms agent nouns.
      ‎*našьstvьje (“invasion”) + ‎*-enikъ → ‎*našьstvenikъ (“invader”)
      ‎*rodьstvo (“kinship”) + ‎*-enikъ → ‎*rodьstvenikъ (“kinsman”)

    Usage notes

    • Moderately productive.
    • In many cases, the derivation feels more natural if one applies *-ikъ directly onto the participle (X-enъ → X-enikъ).

    Declension

    Declension of *-enikъ (hard o-stem)
    singular dual plural
    nominative *-enikъ *-enika *-enici
    genitive *-enika *-eniku *-enikъ
    dative *-eniku *-enikoma *-enikomъ
    accusative *-enikъ *-enika *-eniky
    instrumental *-enikъmь, *-enikomь* *-enikoma *-eniky
    locative *-enicě *-eniku *-enicěxъ
    vocative *-eniče *-enika *-enici

    * -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

    • *-enica f, *-eničьka f (feminine counter-parts)
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