Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/kʷelō
Proto-Italic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *kʷélh₁-e-ti, from *kʷelh₁- (“to turn”).[1]
Verb
*kʷelō first-singular present indicative[2]
- to inhabit
Inflection
| Inflection of *kʷelō (third conjugation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Present | *kʷelō | |
| Perfect | — | |
| Aorist | *kʷelom | |
| Past participle | *kʷeltos | |
| Present indicative | Active | Passive |
| 1st sing. | *kʷelō | *kʷelōr |
| 2nd sing. | *kʷeles | *kʷelezo |
| 3rd sing. | *kʷelet | *kʷeletor |
| 1st plur. | *kʷelomos | *kʷelomor |
| 2nd plur. | *kʷeletes | *kʷelem(e?)n(ai?) |
| 3rd plur. | *kʷelont | *kʷelontor |
| Present subjunctive | Active | Passive |
| 1st sing. | *kʷelām | *kʷelār |
| 2nd sing. | *kʷelās | *kʷelāzo |
| 3rd sing. | *kʷelād | *kʷelātor |
| 1st plur. | *kʷelāmos | *kʷelāmor |
| 2nd plur. | *kʷelātes | *kʷelām(e?)n(ai?) |
| 3rd plur. | *kʷelānd | *kʷelāntor |
| Perfect indicative | Active | |
| 1st sing. | — | |
| 2nd sing. | — | |
| 3rd sing. | — | |
| 1st plur. | — | |
| 2nd plur. | — | |
| 3rd plur. | — | |
| Aorist indicative | Active | |
| 1st sing. | *kʷelom | |
| 2nd sing. | *kʷeles | |
| 3rd sing. | *kʷeled | |
| 1st plur. | *kʷolome | |
| 2nd plur. | *kʷolete | |
| 3rd plur. | *kʷolond | |
| Present imperative | Active | Passive |
| 2nd sing. | *kʷele | *kʷelezo |
| 2nd plur. | *kʷelete | — |
| Future imperative | Active | |
| 2nd + 3rd sing. | *kʷeletōd | |
| Participles | Present | Past |
| *kʷelents | *kʷeltos | |
| Verbal nouns | tu-derivative | s-derivative |
| *kʷeltum | *kʷelezi | |
Reconstruction notes
The reconstruction of the past participle is somewhat tenuous. Hypothetically, the Proto-Indo-European form **kʷl̥h₁-tós would have produced Proto-Italic **kʷlā-to-, which would have culminated in Latin **clātus. The linguist Ville Leppänen suggests that Proto-Italic *kʷlā-to- was a pre-Proto-Italic form which then turned into Proto-Italic *kʷeltos.[3]
Derived terms
Descendants
- Latin: colō
References
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “colō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 125
- ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 178
- ^ Leppänen, Ville (2018-05-17) Ablaut and the Latin verb: aspects of morphophonological change (Thesis)[1] (in German), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
- ^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2014), “Etymologie und Phonologie: Umbrisch amboltu”, in Die Sprache (in German), volume 50, number 1, Harrassowitz Publishing House, , →ISSN, pages 31–43