Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/parás

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *per és by Dunkel.[1] Alternatively a fixed nominative singular of *páras (“farther”) with adverbial accentuation.[2]

Adverb

*parás[1][3]

  1. beyond, on the other side

Descendants

  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *parás
    • Sanskrit: परस् (parás)
  • Proto-Iranian: *paráh[4]
    • Avestan:
      Old Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬇 (parə̄, “beyond, more than, superior”)
      Younger Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬋 (parō, “except”)
    • Khotanese: [script needed] (pare, “beyond (with numerals)”)[5]
    • Old Persian: 𐎱𐎼 (p-r /⁠para⁠/, “on the other side (of)”)

See also

  • *pr̥Hás (“before, in front”)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Dunkel, George E. (2014), Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 610
  2. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “parás”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 88
  3. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “parás”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 364
  4. ^ Edelʹman, D. I. (2020), “*¹parah”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 6, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 153-4
  5. ^ Bailey, H. W. (1979), Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 217
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