Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/weraz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

  • From Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós (“man, hero”), with pretonic shortening before a resonant.[1] Compare Latin vir, Sanskrit वीर (vīrá), Irish fear, Welsh gŵr and Lithuanian vyras.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈwe.rɑz/

    Noun

    *weraz m

    1. man
      Synonyms: *gumô, *mann-
    2. husband

    Inflection

    Declension of *weraz (masculine a-stem)
    singular plural
    nominative *weraz *werōz, *werōs
    vocative *wer *werōz, *werōs
    accusative *werą *weranz
    genitive *weras, *wiris *werǫ̂
    dative *werai *weramaz
    instrumental *werō *weramiz

    Reconstruction notes

    Once used alongside *gumô in the sense of “man, husband”, today it has been replaced by *mann- and its descendants in all surviving Germanic languages.

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    • Proto-West Germanic: *wer
      • Old English: wer
        • Middle English: wer
      • Old Frisian: wer
      • Old Saxon: wer
      • Old Dutch: *wer
      • Old High German: wer
        • Middle High German: wer, were
          • German: Wer (archaic or obsolete)
    • Proto-Norse: ᚹᛖᚱᚨᛉ (weraʀ)
      • Old Norse: verr
        • Icelandic: ver
        • Faroese: ver-
        • Old Swedish: vær-
          • Swedish: vär-
    • Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂 (wair)

    References

    1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*wira-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 588
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