Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hamaraz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Traditionally treated as derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱmō (“stone”) (compare Sanskrit अश्मन् (aśman, “stone”)), from *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”), via a formation like *h₂eḱmoros (compare Sanskrit अश्मर (aśmará, “stony”)). But the phonology is problematic. A metathesis of *h₂ and ḱ like that assumed to underlie Proto-Balto-Slavic *kā́ˀmō may account for the Germanic short vowel, i.e. *ḱh₂moros.[1] Hyllested instead suggests borrowing from Proto-Finnic *hamara (“butt of an axe, back of a knife”).[2] However, it is not clear that the proposed chronology works out: At the implied time of borrowing (last centuries BC or first centuries AD), Finnic *h may well still have been *š, which would probably be reflected as *s in Germanic.

Noun

*hamaraz m[1]

  1. hammer

Inflection

Declension of *hamaraz (masculine a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *hamaraz *hamarōz, *hamarōs
vocative *hamar *hamarōz, *hamarōs
accusative *hamarą *hamaranz
genitive *hamaras, *hamaris *hamarǫ̂
dative *hamarai *hamaramaz
instrumental *hamarō *hamaramiz

Descendants

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hamara-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 206-7
  2. ^ Hyllested, Adam (2014) Word Exchange at the Gates of Europe: Five Millennia of Language Contact (Thesis)‎[2], Det Humanistiske Fakultet, Københavns Universitet
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