Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/risti

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Borrowed from Early Old East Slavic крьстъ (krĭstŭ, “cross”) or from Late Proto-Slavic *krьstъ, ultimately from Ancient Greek Χριστός (Khristós).[1]

Noun

*risti[2]

  1. cross

Inflection

Inflection of *risti
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *risti *ristit
accusative *ristin *ristit
genitive *ristin *ristiden
*ristejiden
partitive *ristidä *ristejitä
inessive *ristissä
*ristihnä 		*ristejissä
*ristejihnä
elative *rististä *ristejistä
illative *ristihen *ristejisen
adessive *ristillä *ristejillä
ablative *ristiltä *ristejiltä
allative *ristilen
*ristilek 		*ristejilen
*ristejilek
essive *ristinä *ristejinä
translative *ristiksi *ristejiksi
instructive *ristin *ristejin
comitative *ristinek *ristejinek
abessive *ristittä *ristejittä

Descendants

  • Estonian: rist
  • Finnish: risti
  • Ingrian: risti
  • Karelian:
  • Livonian: rišt
  • Livvi: ristu
  • Ludian: rist
  • Veps: rist
  • Võro: rist'
  • Votic: rissi
  • → Lule Sami: rissta
  • → Northern Sami: rista
  • → Inari Sami: ristâ
  • → Skolt Sami: ristt
  • → Kildin Sami: рысст (rysst)

References

  1. ^ Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “risti”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja‎[1] (in Finnish), retrieved 22 September 2025
  2. ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–), “*risti”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎[2] (in Finnish)

Further reading

  • “rist”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
  • Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “risti”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎[3] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
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