Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/karmëda

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

From earlier *karma-ta, cognate with Proto-Samic *kuormē (“coarse”) (< *karma), further origin unknown. According to SSA and EES, possibly ultimately sound-symbolic.^[1]^[2] Contains the adjectival suffix +‎ *-ëda.

Adjective

*karmëda^[3]

coarse, rough
Synonyms: *corëda, *karhëda, *karkëda
harsh, severe
Synonym: *rankka

Inflection

Inflection of *karmëda

	singular	plural
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
nominative	*karmëda	*karmëdat
accusative	*karmëdan	*karmëdat
genitive	*karmëdan	karmëdadën karmëdëidën
partitive	*karmëdata	*karmëdëita
inessive	karmëdassa karmëdahna	karmëdëissa karmëdëihna
elative	*karmëdasta	*karmëdëista
illative	*karmëdasën	*karmëdëisën
adessive	*karmëdalla	*karmëdëilla
ablative	*karmëdalta	*karmëdëilta
allative	karmëdalën karmëdalëk	karmëdëilën karmëdëilëk
essive	*karmëdana	*karmëdëina
translative	*karmëdaksi	*karmëdëiksi
instructive	*karmëdan	*karmëdëin
comitative	*karmëdanëk	*karmëdëinëk
abessive	*karmëdatta	*karmëdëitta

Descendants

Estonian: (dialectal) karme, ⇒ karm
Finnish: karmea
Ingrian: karmea
Karelian:
- South Karelian: (dialectal) karmie
Livvi: karmei
Ludian: ⇒ karmak
Võro: ⇒ karm'
Votic: karmia, (Kattila, Pummala, Mati) karmõa

References

^ Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “karmea”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
^ “karm”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
^ Kallio, Petri (2020–), “*karmëda”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎^[2] (in Finnish)

[1] Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “karmea”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

[2] “karm”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012

[3] Kallio, Petri (2020–), “*karmëda”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎^[2] (in Finnish)

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