-ene
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ene"
English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /-iːn/
Audio (Southern England): (file) Audio (Southern England): (file)
Etymology 1
From Latin -ēnus, from Ancient Greek -ηνός (-ēnós), forming adjectives from place names.
Suffix
-ene
- Forms adjectives relating to places and nouns for their inhabitants.
- Forms adjectives and nouns denoting religious groups from personal names.
See also
References
- “-ene, suffix”, in OED Online , Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
Etymology 2
Borrowed from French -ène, chosen by French chemist Jean-Baptiste Dumas to avoid confusion with chemicals in -ine.
Suffix
-ene
- (organic chemistry) An unsaturated hydrocarbon having at least one double bond; an alkene.
- (organic chemistry) An aromatic hydrocarbon based on benzene.
- A polymer derived from an alkene.
Usage notes
The common names of some other organic compounds also end in ene.
Derived terms
terms derived from "-ene"
- acetylene
- anthracene
- benzene
- butadiene
- camphene
- carotene
- cymene
- ethene
- ethylene
- fullerene
- indene
- isoprene
- limonene
- lycopene
- mesitylene
- methylene
- naphthalene
- naphthene
- neoprene
- nitrobenzene
- phenanthrene
- phenylene
- pinene
- polyene
- polyethylene
- polypropylene
- polystyrene
- polythene
- propene
- propylene
- pyrene
- retene
- retinene
- squalene
- stearoptene
- stilbene
- styrene
- terpene
- toluene
- trinitrotoluene
- xanthene
- xylene
Translations
alkene
|
aromatic hydrocarbon of benzene
See also
References
- “-ene, comb. form”, in OED Online , Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
Etymology 3
Derived from graphene, expressing its monolayer characteristic
Suffix
-ene
- a single-atom thick two-dimensional layer of atoms
Derived terms
Anagrams
Hungarian
Etymology
From -e- (linking vowel) + -ne (conditional suffix).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɛnɛ]
Suffix
-ene
- (conditional suffix) Forms the third-person singular present tense of verbs (conditional mood, indefinite conjugation).
Usage notes
Conditional indefinite – personal endings
| Person | Back vowel |
Front vowel | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | |||
| én | 1st person singular | -nék | ||
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-anék | -enék | ||
| te | 2nd person singular | -nál | -nél | |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-anál | -enél | ||
| ő maga ön |
3rd person singular | -na | -ne | |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-ana | -ene | ||
| mi | 1st person plural | -nánk | -nénk | |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-anánk | -enénk | ||
| ti | 2nd person plural | -nátok | -nétek | |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-anátok | -enétek | ||
| ők maguk önök |
3rd person plural | -nának | -nének | |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-anának | -enének | ||
| See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. | ||||
- (conditional suffix) Variants:
See also
- Category:Hungarian verb forms
- Appendix:Hungarian suffixes
Latvian
Alternative forms
Etymology
Suffix
-ene
- female equivalent of -enis (for female beings)
- feminine of -enis (for feminine-gender objects)
- female equivalent of -ēns (for female beings)
- feminine of -ēns (for feminine-gender objects)
Derived terms
Latvian terms suffixed with -ene
Middle Dutch
Pronoun
-ene
Middle English
Etymology 1
From Old English -ena, for earlier -ana, from Proto-West Germanic *-anō, *-ōnō, from Proto-Germanic *-anǫ̂, *-ōnǫ̂, from the Proto-Indo-European genitive plural suffix *-oHom when attached to n-stems.
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /-ən(ə)/, /-nə/
Suffix
-ene
Usage notes
- Already in late Old English, there was a tendency to extend the suffix -ena from weak (n-stem) nouns to other noun classes, especially in the noun dæġ (“day”); for instance, dagena is found for earlier daga (“days'”).[1] This trend continues and reaches completion in Middle English; therefore, -ene can be suffixed to nouns of any Old English inflectional class, as in kingene king (“king of kings”) for more conservative kinge king (Old English cy(ni)nga cy(ni)ng).[2][3]
- However, -ene is itself supplanted by -es, extended from the genitive singular and nominative/accusative plural. This replacement begins very early, meaning that -ene is mostly nonexistent in East Midland and Northern Middle English (including Early Scots) and recessive in the other dialects, with -es becoming increasingly predominant after the Early Middle English period just like the nominative/accusative plural ending. However, weak nouns (n-stems) tended to preserve -ene insofar as they survived, as it could be identified with the nominative/accusative plural ending -en in line with a Middle English tendency to efface all plural case distinctions,[4] though the suffix was often disyllabic in verse, demonstrating that this tendency was not total.[5]
- Especially in later Middle English, genitive plurals formed with -ene increasingly acquired an "adjectival colouring", becoming influenced by and undergoing partial conflation with the adjectival suffix -en, which thus acquires a form -ene. A strict boundary between denominal possessive adjectives formed with -en and nouns inflected with -ene is therefore impossible to draw.[6][7][8] For a more complete development of an adjectival suffix from a genitive plural, see Old French francor (“French”) and German -er.
- This ending is especially found with semantically animate nouns, in contrast with -e, which is chiefly applied to inanimate nouns.[9]
- This suffix tends to induce the same alternations in the noun stem as the plural suffix -es, as in dawene (“days'”).
References
- ^ Hogg, Richard; Fulk, R. D. (2011), A Grammar of Old English, volume 2: Morphology, Oxford: Blackwell, →ISBN, pages 73-75
- ^ “-en(e”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 25 October 2024.
- ^ Logan, H[arry] M. (1973), “V. Grammar”, in The dialect of the Life of Saint Katherine: A linguistic study of the phonology and inflections (Janua Linguarum. Series Practica; 130), The Hague: Mouton, →OCLC, § 40, pages 156-157.
- ^ Berndt, Rolf (1968), “Bemerkungen zur geschichtlichen Entwicklung der englischen Sprache”, in Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik, volume 16, number 2, Leipzig: VEB Verlag Enzyklopädie, page 167.
- ^ Putter, Ad; Judith, Jefferson; Stokes, Myra (2007), “5. The Structure of the A-Verse”, in Studies in the Metre of Alliterative Verse (Medium Ævum Monographs: New Series; 26)[1], Oxford: The Society for the Study of Medieval Languages and Literature, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 235.
- ^ “-en, suf.(8).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 25 October 2024.
- ^ d'Ardenne, S[imonne] R. T. O. (1961) [1936], “Language”, in Þe Liflade ant te Passiun of Seinte Iuliene (Early English Text Society; 248), London: Oxford University Press for the Early English Text Society, →OCLC, § 64, page 209.
- ^ Mustanoja, Tauno F. (1960), “Cases: Genitive”, in A Middle English Syntax (Mémoires de la Société Néophilologique de Helsinki; 23), volume I: Parts of Speech, Helsinki: Société Néophilologique, page 73; republished at Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2016, , →ISBN.
- ^ Myers, Sara (26 November 2014), “Chapter 2: Genitive Plural Nouns”, in An investigation of certain aspects of the genitive noun phrase in Middle English (1150-1500) (Thesis)[2], University of Edinburgh, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2025-08-22, § 2.5.3, page 49.
Etymology 2
Suffix
-ene
- alternative form of -en (adjectival suffix)
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
Suffix
-ene
- suffix added to most definite plural nouns
Norwegian Nynorsk
Suffix
-ene
- Used to form definite plurals for most feminine nouns.
Old English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /e.ne/
Etymology 1
Suffix
-ene
- inflection of -en:
- dative singular
- strong accusative feminine singular
- strong instrumental masculine/neuter singular
- strong nominative/accusative masculine/feminine plural
- weak nominative feminine/neuter singular
- weak accusative neuter singular
Etymology 2
Suffix
-ene
- (Late Old English) alternative form of -enne