輝く

Japanese

Etymology

Kanji in this term
輝
かがや Grade: S
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
耀く赫く燦く (rare)

Originally kakayaku.^[1]^[2]^[3] Samuel Martin suggests the initial kaka- element is a mimetic word.^[3] The -yaku element may be the verb-forming suffix やく (-yaku). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かがやく [kàgáyáꜜkù] (Nakadaka – [3])^[4]
IPA^(key): [ka̠ɡa̠ja̠kɯ̟]

Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 輝く

Plain	輝く	かがやく	`[kàgáyáꜜkù]`
Conjunctive	輝いて	かがやいて	`[kàgáyáꜜìtè]`
Perfective	輝いた	かがやいた	`[kàgáyáꜜìtà]`
Negative	輝かない	かがやかない	`[kàgáyákáꜜnàì]`
Negative perfective	輝かなかった	かがやかなかった	`[kàgáyákáꜜnàkàttà]`
Hypothetical conditional	輝けば	かがやけば	`[kàgáyáꜜkèbà]`
Past conditional	輝いたら	かがやいたら	`[kàgáyáꜜìtàrà]`
Imperative	輝け	かがやけ	`[kàgáyáꜜkè]`
Volitional	輝こう	かがやこー	`[kàgáyákóꜜò]`
Desiderative	輝きたい	かがやきたい	`[kàgáyákítáꜜì]`
Formal	輝きます	かがやきます	`[kàgáyákímáꜜsù]`
Formal negative	輝きません	かがやきません	`[kàgáyákímáséꜜǹ]`
Formal volitional	輝きましょう	かがやきましょー	`[kàgáyákímáshóꜜò]`
Formal perfective	輝きました	かがやきました	`[kàgáyákímáꜜshìtà]`
Continuative	輝き輝きに	かがやきかがやきに	`[kàgáyáꜜkì]` `[kàgáyáꜜkì nì]`
Negative continuative	輝かず輝かずに	かがやかずかがやかずに	`[kàgáyákáꜜzù]` `[kàgáyákáꜜzù nì]`
Passive	輝かれる	かがやかれる	`[kàgáyákáréꜜrù]`
Causative	輝かせる輝かす	かがやかせるかがやかす	`[kàgáyákáséꜜrù]` `[kàgáyákáꜜsù]`
Potential	輝ける	かがやける	`[kàgáyákéꜜrù]`

Verb

輝(かがや)く • (kagayaku) intransitive godan (stem 輝(かがや)き (kagayaki), past 輝(かがや)いた (kagayaita))

to shine dazzlingly
to be crowned with glory, to sparkle

Conjugation

Conjugation of "輝く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	輝か	かがやか	kagayaka
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	輝き	かがやき	kagayaki
Shūshikei ("terminal")	輝く	かがやく	kagayaku
Rentaikei ("attributive")	輝く	かがやく	kagayaku
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	輝け	かがやけ	kagayake
Meireikei ("imperative")	輝け	かがやけ	kagayake
Key constructions
Passive	輝かれる	かがやかれる	kagayakareru
Causative	輝かせる輝かす	かがやかせるかがやかす	kagayakaseru kagayakasu
Potential	輝ける	かがやける	kagayakeru
Volitional	輝こう	かがやこう	kagayakō
Negative	輝かない	かがやかない	kagayakanai
Negative continuative	輝かず	かがやかず	kagayakazu
Formal	輝きます	かがやきます	kagayakimasu
Perfective	輝いた	かがやいた	kagayaita
Conjunctive	輝いて	かがやいて	kagayaite
Hypothetical conditional	輝けば	かがやけば	kagayakeba

Synonyms

光(ひか)る (hikaru)

Derived terms

輝(かがや)かしい (kagayakashii)
輝(かがや)かす (kagayakasu)
光(ひか)り輝(かがや)く (hikarikagayaku)

References

^ “輝・耀”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
^ “輝く”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Samuel E. Martin (1987), The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 701
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“輝く”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[3] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

[1] “輝・耀”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[2] “輝く”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

[JLTT-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Samuel E. Martin (1987), The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 701

[DJR-4] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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