膨れる

Japanese

Etymology

Kanji in this term
ふく
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
脹れる

From Old Japanese 膨る (pukuru), following 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, lower bigrade conjugation), from Proto-Japonic *pukoru.

Compare 膨らむ (fukuramu, to swell, to get bigger), 膨らます (fukuramasu, to make swell, to fill up), and (fukuro, bag), from the way a bag is filled with items.

First cited to the Man’yōshū, completed sometime after 759 CE.[1]

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) くれる [fùkúrérú] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [ɸɯ̟kɯ̟ɾe̞ɾɯ̟]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 膨れる
Plain 膨れる くれる [fùkúrérú]
Conjunctive 膨れて くれて [fùkúrété]
Perfective 膨れた くれた [fùkúrétá]
Negative 膨れない くれない [fùkúrénáí]
Negative perfective 膨れなかった くれなかった [fùkúrénáꜜkàttà]
Hypothetical conditional 膨れれば くれれ [fùkúréréꜜbà]
Past conditional 膨れたら くれた [fùkúrétáꜜrà]
Imperative 膨れろ
膨れよ
くれろ
くれ
[fùkúréró]
[fùkúréꜜyò]
Volitional 膨れよう くれよ [fùkúréyóꜜò]
Desiderative 膨れたい くれたい [fùkúrétáí]
Formal 膨れます くれま [fùkúrémáꜜsù]
Formal negative 膨れません くれませ [fùkúrémáséꜜǹ]
Formal volitional 膨れましょう くれましょ [fùkúrémáshóꜜò]
Formal perfective 膨れました くれました [fùkúrémáꜜshìtà]
Continuative 膨れ
膨れに
くれ
くれに
[fùkúré]
[fùkúré ní]
Negative continuative 膨れず
膨れずに
くれず
くれずに
[fùkúrézú]
[fùkúrézú ní]
Passive 膨れられる くれられる [fùkúrérárérú]
Causative 膨れさせる
膨れさす
くれさせる
くれさす
[fùkúrésásérú]
[fùkúrésású]
Potential 膨れられる
膨れれる
くれられる
くれれる
[fùkúrérárérú]
[fùkúrérérú]

Verb

(ふく)れる • (fukureruintransitive ichidan (stem (ふく) (fukure), past (ふく)れた (fukureta))

  1. to swell, to expand

Usage notes

膨れる (fukureru) is used to describe something that happens due to an abnormality or external force, not necessarily with a positive sense.

  • パンが(ふく)れる(むくろ)(ふく)れる(ほお)(ふく)れる
    pan ga fukureru, mukuro ga fukureru, hō ga fukureru
    the bread rises, the corpse bloats, one's cheeks puff up (→ one pouts or sulks)

Its synonym, the intransitive verb 膨らむ (fukuramu) is used to describe something that happens naturally of its own accord, generally with a positive sense.

  • (つぼみ)(ふく)らむ(ゆめ)(ふく)らむ(むね)が〔(しあわ)せなどで〕(ふく)らむ
    tsubomi ga fukuramu, yume ga fukuramu, mune ga 〔shiawase nado de〕 fukuramu
    the buds swell, one's dreams grow bigger, one's chest swells [with joy, etc.]

Conjugation

References

  1. ^ 脹・膨”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN