梔子

See also: 栀子

Chinese

	gardenia	child; son; (noun suffix) child; son; (noun suffix); small thing; seed; egg; 1st earthly branch; 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight
trad. (梔子)	梔	子
simp. (栀子)	栀	子
alternative forms	支子

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhīzi

(Zhuyin): ㄓ ˙ㄗ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi¹ zi²
Puxian Min (Putian, Pouseng Ping'ing): gi¹ zo³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhīzi
  - Zhuyin: ㄓ ˙ㄗ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhihzi̊h
  - Wade–Giles: chih¹-tzŭ⁵
  - Yale: jr̄-dz
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jy.tzy
  - Palladius: чжицзы (čžiczy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    枝子
    梔子 / 栀子
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zi¹ zi²
  - Yale: jī jí
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi¹ dzi²
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji¹ ji²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gi¹ zo³ [Phonetic: gi⁵ lo³]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gi-ceô
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^(t͡s-)lo⁴⁵³/

Middle Chinese: tsye tsiX

Rime
Character	梔	子
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	支 (11)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	章移切	即里切
Baxter	tsye	tsiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiᴇ/	/t͡sɨ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɛ/	/t͡sɨ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjɛ/	/t͡sie^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciə̆/	/t͡sɨ^X/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕie/	/t͡siə^X/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕǐe/	/t͡sĭə^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕie̯/	/t͡si^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhī	zǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi¹	zi²

Noun

梔子

Cape jasmine (Gardenia jasminoides)
1. fruit of the Cape jasmine

Synonyms

(Nanri Puxian Min) 玉梔／玉栀
(Puxian Min) 黃梔／黄栀

Derived terms

梔子花 / 栀子花 (zhīzihuā)

References

李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “375 栀子（有的地方叫水横枝）”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 328.

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
梔	子
くちなし
Hyōgai	Grade: 1
jukujikun

Alternative spellings
巵子山梔子

Possibly an extension of 口無し (kuchinashi, literally “without a mouth”), from the absence of the fruit's cleaves even when ripe.^[1]

The kanji spelling is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 梔子 / 栀子 (zhīzi).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) くちなし [kùchínáshí] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
IPA^(key): [kɯ̟t͡ɕina̠ɕi]

Noun

梔子(くちなし) or 梔子(クチナシ) • (kuchinashi)

the Cape jasmine, Gardenia jasminoides
Synonyms: 山梔子 (sanshishi), (quite uncommon) 薝蔔 (senpuku)

Hypernym: 茜 (akane)
(colloquial) short for 梔子色 (kuchinashi-iro): a gold color as of the fruit of a Cape jasmine; a style of layering garments with yellow on both front and back

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as クチナシ (kuchinashi).

Derived terms

梔子(くちなし)色(いろ) (kuchinashi-iro)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
梔	子
し Hyōgai	し Grade: 1
on'yomi

From Chinese 梔子 / 栀子 (zhīzi)

Noun

梔(し)子(し) • (shishi)

(traditional Chinese medicine) synonym of 山梔子 (sanshishi, “dried fruit of the Cape jasmine used in medicine”)

References

^ Makino, Tomitarô (1940). An Illustrated Flora of Nippon, with the Cultivated and Naturalized Plants.: i–xx, 1–1070, pls. I–IX, i–cxliii. Makino Botanical Garden
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“〈^▲梔子〉”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

[1] Makino, Tomitarô (1940). An Illustrated Flora of Nippon, with the Cultivated and Naturalized Plants.: i–xx, 1–1070, pls. I–IX, i–cxliii. Makino Botanical Garden

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]