外家
Chinese
outside; in addition; foreign outside; in addition; foreign; external |
home; family; ‑ist home; family; ‑ist; ‑er; ‑ian; measure word for stores and schools | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (外家) | 外 | 家 | |
| simp. #(外家) | 外 | 家 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ngoi6 gaa1
- Hakka
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gua5 gor1 / guo5 gor1
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin: wàijiā
- Zhuyin: ㄨㄞˋ ㄐㄧㄚ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wàijia
- Wade–Giles: wai4-chia1
- Yale: wài-jyā
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wayjia
- Palladius: вайцзя (vajczja)
- Sinological IPA (key): /waɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/
- Homophones:
外加
外家
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: ngoi6 gaa1
- Yale: ngoih gā
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngoi6 gaa1
- Guangdong Romanization: ngoi6 ga1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋɔːi̯²² kaː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngoi-kâ
- Hakka Romanization System: ngoi gaˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngoi4 ga1
- Sinological IPA: /ŋoi̯⁵⁵ ka²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: ngoi˖ gaˋ
- Sinological IPA: /ŋoi³³ ka⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: ngoi4 ga1
- Sinological IPA: /ŋoɪ⁵³ ka⁴⁴/
- (Changting)
- Changting Pinyin: ngue5 ga1
- Sinological IPA: /ŋue²¹ ka³³/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Nanri)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gua5 gor1 [Phonetic: gua5 or1]
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: guā-go̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /kua¹¹ (k-)ɒ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gua5 gor1 [Phonetic: gua5 or1]
- Sinological IPA (key): /kua²¹ (k-)ɒ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Jiangkou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: guo5 gor1 [Phonetic: guo5 or1]
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuo¹¹ (k-)ɒ⁵³³/
- (Putian, Nanri)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōa-ke
- Tâi-lô: guā-ke
- Phofsit Daibuun: goaxkef
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡua⁴¹⁻²² ke³³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡua³³⁻²¹ ke⁴⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen, Singapore): /ɡua²²⁻²¹ ke⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /ɡua³³⁻¹¹ ke⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōa-kee
- Tâi-lô: guā-kee
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡua²²⁻²¹ kɛ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōe-ke
- Tâi-lô: guē-ke
- Phofsit Daibuun: goexkef
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡue³³⁻²¹ ke⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /ɡue³³⁻¹¹ ke⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ghua7 gê1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: guā ke
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɡua¹¹ ke³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
Noun
外家
- maternal grandparents' home
- (dialectal) married woman's parents' home
- (literary) home of one's husband's parents-in-law
- (historical) outside family of a man formed with a mistress or concubine
- (historical) mistress of a man
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 娘家 (“married woman's parents' home”) [map]
Derived terms
References
- “外家”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
- 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “外家”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 243.
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “1001 娘家”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 390.
- “Entry #416”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.
- 周存 [Zhōu, Cún], editor (2023), “外家”, in 长汀话词典 CHANGTINGHUA CIDIAN [Dictionary of Changting Dialect] (overall work in Hakka and Mandarin), Guangzhou: 世界图书出版有限公司 [World Book Publishing Co., Ltd.], →ISBN, page 471.