堅定城

Chinese

		strong; solid; firm strong; solid; firm; unyielding; resolute	to set; to fix; to determine to set; to fix; to determine; to decide; to stabilize; to order	city walls; city; town
simp. and trad. (堅定城)		堅	定	城

Etymology

Calque of Late Latin πόλῐς (pólĭs, "city") + cōnstāns (standing still) m (literally “Constantinopolis, City of Constantine, City of Standing still”)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Jiāndìngchéng

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄔㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gin¹ ding⁶ sing⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Jiāndìngchéng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄔㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Jiandìngchéng
  - Wade–Giles: Chien¹-ting⁴-chʻêng²
  - Yale: Jyān-dìng-chéng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jiandinqcherng
  - Palladius: Цзяньдинчэн (Czjanʹdinčɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tiŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gin¹ ding⁶ sing⁴
  - Yale: gīn dihng sìhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gin¹ ding⁶ sing⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: gin¹ ding⁶ xing⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːn⁵⁵ tɪŋ²² sɪŋ²¹/

Middle Chinese: ken tengH dzyeng

Rime
Character	堅	定	城
Reading #	1/1	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	端 (5)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	先 (85)	青 (125)	清 (121)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	IV	III
Fanqie	古賢切	丁定切	是征切
Baxter	ken	tengH	dzyeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ken/	/teŋ^H/	/d͡ʑiᴇŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ken/	/teŋ^H/	/d͡ʑiɛŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kɛn/	/tɛŋ^H/	/d͡ʑiæŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɛn/	/tɛjŋ^H/	/d͡ʑiajŋ/
Li Rong	/ken/	/teŋ^H/	/ʑiɛŋ/
Wang Li	/kien/	/tieŋ^H/	/ʑĭɛŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kien/	/tieŋ^H/	/ʑi̯ɛŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiān	dìng	chéng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gin¹	ding³	sing⁴

Proper noun

堅定城

Constantinople

Synonyms

君士坦丁堡 (Jūnshìtǎndīngbǎo)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (堅定城):

→ Vietnamese: Kiên Định Thành (堅定城)